

Research Unit
Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology
Nature is an inexhaustible source of concepts and raw materials for producing and transforming chemicals and energy.
With this vision in mind we need to recognise and understand the biochemical potential and the ecological principles that are hidden in nature and make use of them to satisfy human needs with the help of innovative environmental- and bio - technologies.
Challenges
Whether it is impacts from climate change, the increasing demand for resources or the material flows that pollute the environment – it is not only an energy transition that is necessary, but a complete change to a product - oriented and integrative environmental protection. Material cycles must be closed to ensure resource - and energy efficiency in production processes. Substances that cause harm to the environment must be replaced by ecologically compatible ones. The use of fossil - and inorganic resources must be reduced. Pollutants should not be released into the environment – and where this cannot be avoided, their fate must be controllable.
The use of fossil- and inorganic resources must be reduced.
New procedures in environmental- and bio - technology will play a key role in the search for solutions. Already back in 2012 the global market volume for environmental technologies and efficiency technologies was approximately two trillion Euros. According to estimates by the German Federal Ministry of the Environment this figure will more than double by 2022.
Questions
How can nature’s renewable resources be transformed into sources of energy or chemicals? Which characteristics do microorganisms possess for converting substances into energy or chemicals? How can we find out what different microorganisms are capable of? How does one succeed in converting promising laboratory results into industrial standards? Are new environmental technologies and efficiency technologies really ecologically compatible and efficient? How can unwanted by - products and side effects be minimised? Can we increase nature’s capacity in the purification process or optimise it in production plants?Scientists working in the thematic area “Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology” work on procedures and technologies that can be used for a decentralised production of platform chemicals and energy sources from renewable raw materials as well as for removing the risk element from pollutants in natural and technical ecosystems. They there- fore pursue the goal of closing material cycles and preventing or treating unwanted by - products. They value the micro - biological and biochemical attributes of nature and promote so - called “nature - based solutions”.
They use renewable sources of carbon, non - food biomass, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, solar radiation and electrical energy and skilfully link synthesis processes with utilisation concepts for waste, energy and (waste-) water. It is thereby imperative to acquire detailed knowledge about which microbial processes are behind which substance conversions and how beyond the realms of biology, chemical and physical methods can be implemented. To make biotechnological production procedures and processes suitable for industry, ways need to be discovered that make them more efficient and more flexible.
With the Centre for Biocatalysis in Central Germany (MIKAT), a strategic network is coming together for bioprocess engineering, photo-bio reactor development and tapping into alternative raw materials.
In the context of projects and case studies, scientists are developing unique solutions, for example an integrated technological concept based on (bio - ) artificial photosynthesis for the production of hydrogen to be applied as a decentralised, self - containing energy production facility. Other energy sources such as biogas or electricity as well as platform chemicals should be produced on the basis of micro - biological and electrical biocatalytic processes.
To help with the degradation of pollutants in technical and natural systems, researchers are focusing mainly on natural microbiological or plant - based procedures, which (if necessary) can be supported by physical - chemical processes. Furthermore, for the extraction of mineral resources and the recovery of valuable substances such as metals, rare earths or organic acids from waste streams or unused mineral sources, it is biotechnological concepts that show the most favourable eco - balance for research and industry. However, to find out just how ecological, marketable and valuable these procedures and concepts are in reality, they still need to be analysed and addressed.
For this integrated research approach, which extends from process understanding to technology transfer and also covers socio - economic aspects as well as issues regarding environmental law, extensive expertise is available at the UFZ in all thematic fields in addition to state - of - the art infrastructure: a pilot plant for environmental technology and biotechnology for scaling up from the laboratory level to the technical scale, omics platforms for molecular analyses, the hightech laboratory ProVIS for the visualisation of micro - biological biochemical processes on the cellular level, high - performance computers for the modelling and visualisation of complex environmental processes, system - biological analysis methods as well as research and demonstration locations for decentralised waste water treatment in Germany and abroad.
The thematic area “Environmental Engineering and Bio-technology” takes on a central role in the science that is interested in sustainable technologies, for instance through international conferences and workshops. It promotes net-works with partners from industry as well as with SME’s.
With the establishment of the Centre for Biocatalysis in Central Germany (MIKAT) that was initiated by the UFZ, an important strategic network is coming together for bio- process engineering, photo - bio reactor development and tapping into alternative raw materials. Beyond that, close partnerships also exist with the Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (DECHEMA), with the German Environment Agency (UBA), with the German Biomass Research Center (DBFZ), as well as with experts on the European level.
An early involvement of partners from industry in research and demonstration projects and the continuous feedback with associations and authorities not only ensures a transfer of knowledge and the observance of regulatory frame-works and regulations, but also increases the chances that concepts and procedures will be implemented in industry and practice. In this way, for instance in Jordan – one of the most water - scarce regions in the world, it was possible to establish an integrated water management system that was based on trust and co - operation over several decades with partners from science, economics and politics. Biotechnological procedures for wastewater treatment can be found at the heart of this system, making their contribution indispensible for the conservation of ground water.
News
Highlights from the Research Unit
New Book: Laccases in Bioremediation and Waste Valorisation
The book covers the latest advances in laccase applications in bioremediation and waste valorisation and was released in 2020 (edited by Dietmar Schlosser).
Further information
2021 (24)
Fungi in PAH-contaminated marine sediments: Cultivable diversity and tolerance capacity towards PAH
Mar. Pollut. Bull. 164 , art. 112082
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Hydrogen as a co-electron donor for chain elongation with complex communities
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 9 , art. 650631
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Electro-bioremediation of nitrate and arsenite polluted groundwater
Water Res. 190 , art. 116748
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Impact of surface properties of porous SiOC‐based materials on the performance of Geobacter biofilm anodes
ChemElectroChem 8 (5), 850 - 857
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Evaluation of two methods to concentrate SARS-CoV-2 from untreated wastewater
Pathogens 10 (2), art. 195
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Pore-scale modeling of microbial activity: What we have and what we need
Vadose Zone J. 20 (1), e20087
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New thermodynamic activity-based approach allows predicting the feasibility of glycolysis
Sci. Rep. 11 , art. 6125
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Tracking, targeting, and conserving soil biodiversity - A monitoring and indicator system can inform policy
Science 371 (6526), 239 - 241
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Beyond nitrogen: phosphorus - estimating the minimum niche dimensionality for resource competition between phytoplankton
Ecol. Lett. 24 (4), 761 - 771
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HumanMetagenomeDB: a public repository of curated and standardized metadata for human metagenomes
Nucleic Acids Res. 49 (D1), D743 - D750
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Microbial communities in flexible biomethanation of hydrogen are functionally resilient upon starvation
Front. Microbiol. 12 , art. 619632
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Temperature management potentially affects carbon mineralization capacity and microbial community composition of a shallow aquifer
FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 97 (2), fiaa261
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Benzene degradation in contaminated aquifers: Enhancing natural attenuation by injecting nitrate
J. Contam. Hydrol. 238 , art. 103759
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Characterization of putative circular plasmids in sponge‐associated bacterial communities using a selective multiply‐primed rolling circle amplification
Mol. Ecol. Resour. 21 (1), 110 - 121
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Electrifying biotrickling filters for the treatment of aquaponics wastewater
Bioresour. Technol. 319 , art. 124221
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Electroactive microorganisms in mouse feces
Electrochim. Acta 365 , art. 137326
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Redox potential heterogeneity in fixed bed electrodes leads to microbial stratification and inhomogeneous performance
ChemSusChem 14 (4), 1155 - 1165
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The electrode potential determines the yield coefficients of early-stage Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilm anodes
Bioelectrochemistry 140 , art. 107752
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Antibacterial effect of a brominated self-etch adhesive on carious dentin - An in vivo study
J. Dent. 105 , art. 103555
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Complementary roles of wood-inhabiting fungi and bacteria facilitate deadwood decomposition
mSystems 6 (1), e01078-20
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Enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics analyzed in real time by isothermal titration calorimetry
Sci. Total Environ. 773 , art. 145111
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New developments in biological phosphorus accessibility and recovery approaches from soil and waste streams
Eng. Life Sci. 21 (3-4), 77 - 86
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A framework for P-cycle assessment in wastewater treatment plants
Sci. Total Environ. 760 , art. 143392
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Disentangling multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors in a lotic ecosystem using a longitudinal approach
Sci. Total Environ. 769 , art. 144324
full text (doi)2020 (56)
Investigating community dynamics and performance during microbial electrochemical degradation of whey
ChemElectroChem 7 (4), 989 - 997
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Coupling an electroactive Pseudomonas putida KT2440 with bioelectrochemical rhamnolipid production
Microorganisms 8 (12), art. 1959
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Increasing ibuprofen degradation in constructed wetlands by bioaugmentation with gravel containing biofilms of an ibuprofen-degrading Sphingobium yanoikuyae
Eng. Life Sci. 20 (5-6), 160 - 167
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Prospects for integrating disturbances, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning using microbial systems
Front. Ecol. Evol. 8 , art. 21
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A modular metagenomics pipeline allowing for the inclusion of prior knowledge using the example of anaerobic digestion
Microorganisms 8 (5), art. 669
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Longitudinal multi-omics analyses identify responses of megakaryocytes, erythroid cells, and plasmablasts as hallmarks of severe COVID-19
Immunity 53 (6), 1296 - 1314
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Environmental factors and host microbiomes shape host–pathogen dynamics
Trends Parasitol. 36 (7), 616 - 633
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TerrestrialMetagenomeDB: a public repository of curated and standardized metadata for terrestrial metagenomes
Nucleic Acids Res. 48 (D1), D626 - D632
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Biotransformation of phthalate plasticizers and bisphenol A by marine-derived, freshwater, and terrestrial fungi
Front. Microbiol. 11 , art. 317
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Keystone species and modularity in microbial hydrocarbon degradation uncovered by network analysis and association rule mining
Microorganisms 8 (2), art. 190
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The Great Oxidation Event expanded the genetic repertoire of arsenic metabolism and cycling
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117 (19), 10414 - 10421
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Bacterial mock communities as standards for reproducible cytometric microbiome analysis
Nat. Protoc. 15 , 2788 - 2812
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Effect of tannic acid combined with fluoride and lignosulfonic acid on anaerobic digestion in the agricultural waste management chain
Bioresour. Technol. 307 , art. 123171
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Anaerobic digestion of co-ensiled cover crop and barley straw: Effect of co-ensiling ratios, manure addition and impact on microbial community structure
Ind. Crop. Prod. 144 , art. 112025
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Beyond sugar and ethanol production: Value generation opportunities through sugarcane residues
Front. Energy Res. 8 , art. 579577
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How to speed up the detection of aerobic microbial contaminations by using isothermal microcalorimetry
J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 142 (5), 1933 - 1949
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Rapid culture‐based detection of Legionella pneumophila using isothermal microcalorimetry with an improved evaluation method
Microb. Biotechnol. 13 (4), 1262 - 1272
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Microbial electrosynthesis – An inventory on technology readiness level and performance of different process variants
Biotechnol. J. 15 (10), art. 2000066
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Standard Gibbs energy of metabolic reactions: VI. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction
Fluid Phase Equilib. 517 , art. 112597
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Standard Gibbs energy of metabolic reactions: V. Enolase reaction
BBA-Proteins Proteomics 1868 (4), art. 140365
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Blind spots in global soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research
Nat. Commun. 11 (1), art. 3870
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Gastric bypass surgery in a rat model alters the community structure and functional composition of the intestinal microbiota independently of weight loss
Microbiome 8 , art. 13
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Coupled electrochemical and microbial catalysis for the production of polymer bricks
ChemSusChem 13 (19), 5295 - 5300
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Diversity and coexistence are influenced by time-dependent species interactions in a predator-prey system
Ecol. Lett. 23 (6), 983 - 993
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Label‐free four‐dimensional visualization of anaerobically growing electroactive biofilms
Cytom. Part A 97 (7), 737 - 741
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Physical, chemical and biological effects on soil bacterial dynamics in microscale models
Front. Ecol. Evol. 8 , art. 53
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Letter: What are the active species in the photocatalytic disinfection of water?
Chem 6 (4), 806 - 807
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Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms
PLOS One 15 (6), e0234077
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Availability of hydrogen shapes the microbial abundance in biofilm anodes based on Geobacter enrichment
ChemElectroChem 7 (18), 3720 - 3724
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Following the community development of SIHUMIx – a new intestinal in vitro model for bioreactor use
Gut Microbes 11 (4), 1116 - 1129
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The activation of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells is affected by microbial diversity and riboflavin utilization in vitro
Front. Microbiol. 11 , art. 755
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Biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexanes contaminated biomass for energetic utilization demonstrated in continuous anaerobic digestion system
J. Hazard. Mater. 384 , art. 121448
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Competition between butyrate fermenters and chain-elongating bacteria limits the efficiency of medium-chain carboxylate production
Front. Microbiol. 11 , art. 336
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Three novel Clostridia isolates produce n-caproate and iso-butyrate from lactate: comparative genomics of chain-elongating bacteria
Microorganisms 8 (12), art. 1970
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Bacterial community diversity dynamics highlight degrees of nestedness and turnover patterns
Cytom. Part A 97 (7), 742 - 748
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Microbial resource management for ex situ biomethanation of hydrogen at alkaline pH
Microorganisms 8 , art. 614
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Metagenomics and stable isotope probing reveal the complementary contribution of fungal and bacterial communities in the recycling of dead biomass in forest soil
Soil Biol. Biochem. 148 , art. 107875
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Response‐surface‐optimized and scaled‐up microbial electrosynthesis of chiral alcohols
ChemSusChem 13 (7), 1808 - 1816
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Does glucose affect the de-esterification of methyl ferulate by Lactobacillus buchneri?
MicrobiologyOpen 9 (2), e971
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Microorganisms and their activities within microbial communities
Cytom. Part A 97 (7), 681 - 682
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Biotechnological utilization of animal gut microbiota for valorization of lignocellulosic biomass
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 104 (2), 489 - 508
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μBialSim: Constraint-based dynamic simulation of complex microbiomes
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 8 , art. 574
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Near streambed flow shapes microbial guilds within and across trophic levels in fluvial biofilms
Limnol. Oceanogr. 65 (10), 2261 - 2277
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New structural insights into bacterial sulfoacetaldehyde and taurine metabolism
Biochem. J. 477 (8), 1367 - 1371
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Actinobacterial degradation of 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid proceeds via acetone and formyl-CoA by employing a thiamine-dependent lyase reaction
Front. Microbiol. 11 , art. 691
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IL4I1 is a metabolic immune checkpoint that activates the AHR and promotes tumor progression
Cell 182 (5), 1252 - 1270.e34
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Effect of a bioactive cement on the microbial community in carious dentin after selective caries removal – An in-vivo study
J. Dent. 92 , art. 103264
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Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment
Cell 182 (6), 1419 - 1440
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Effects of electrokinetic phenomena on bacterial deposition monitored by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring
Environ. Sci. Technol. 54 (21), 14036 - 14045
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Electrokinetic effects on the interaction of phenanthrene with geo-sorbents
Chemosphere 242 , art. 125161
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Complexation by cysteine and iron mineral adsorption limit cadmium mobility during metabolic activity of Geobacter sulfurreducens
Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp. 22 (9), 1877 - 1887
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Influence of cytosolic conditions on the reaction equilibrium and the reaction enthalpy of the enolase reaction accessed by calorimetry and van ‘t HOFF
Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. 1864 , art. 129675
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Application of irreversible thermodynamics to determine the influence of cell mimicking conditions on the kinetics of equilibrium reactions of the glycolysis
Biophys. J. 118 (3, Suppl. 1), 346a - 347a
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Thermodynamics and kinetics of glycolytic reactions. Part II: Influence of cytosolic conditions on thermodynamic state variables and kinetic parameters
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21 (21), art. 7921
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Thermodynamics and kinetics of glycolytic reactions. Part I: Kinetic modeling based on irreversible thermodynamics and validation by calorimetry
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21 (21), art. 8341
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Resilience trinity: safeguarding ecosystem functioning and services across three different time horizons and decision contexts
Oikos 129 (4), 445 - 456
full text (doi)2019 (56)
Anaerobic degradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by enrichment cultures from freshwater sediments
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 26 (33), 34459 - 34467
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Hydrogen production from crude glycerol in an alkaline microbial electrolysis cell
Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 44 (32), 17204 - 17213
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Syngas-aided anaerobic fermentation for medium-chain carboxylate and alcohol production: the case for microbial communities
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 103 (21-22), 8689 - 8709
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Determination of microbial maintenance in acetogenesis and methanogenesis by experimental and modeling techniques
Front. Microbiol. 10 , art. 166
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Microbial community drivers of PK/NRP gene diversity in selected global soils
Microbiome 7 , art. 78
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Quantitation and comparison of phenotypic heterogeneity among single cells of monoclonal microbial populations
Front. Microbiol. 10 , art. 2814
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Anaerobic oxidation of ethane by archaea from a marine hydrocarbon seep
Nature 568 (7750), 108 - 111
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Hybridization of sugar-carboxylate-syngas platforms for the production of bio-alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) – A state-of-the-art review and recommendations
Energy Conv. Manag. 200 , art. 112111
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Bacteria and micro‐eukaryotes are differentially segregated in sympatric wastewater microhabitats
Environ. Microbiol. 21 (5), 1757 - 1770
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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
Eur. J. Immunol. 49 (10), 1457 - 1973
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Cyt‐Geist: Current and Future Challenges in Cytometry: Reports of the CYTO 2018 Conference Workshops
Cytom. Part A 95 (6), 598 - 644
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iDS372, a phenotypically reconciled model for the metabolism of Streptococcus pneumoniae strain R6
Front. Microbiol. 10 , art. 1283
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Cytometry score: 23 to 4
Cytom. Part A 95 (3), 259 - 260
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Long-term behavior of defined mixed cultures of Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis in bioelectrochemical systems
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 7 , art. 60
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Rapid calorimetric detection of bacterial contamination: Influence of the cultivation technique
Front. Microbiol. 10 , art. 2530
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Mycelial effects on phage retention during transport in a microfluidic platform
Environ. Sci. Technol. 53 (20), 11755 - 11763
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AgNPs change microbial community structures of wastewater
Front. Microbiol. 9 , art. 3211
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Tapping renewables: a new dawn for organic electrosynthesis in aqueous reaction media
ChemElectroChem 6 (16), 4126 - 4133
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Engineering electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate under bioprocess‐compatible conditions to bioreactor scale
ChemElectroChem 6 (14), 3731 - 3735
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Temperature and stoichiometric dependence of phytoplankton traits
Ecology 100 (12), e02875
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Suitability of fecal sludge from composting toilets as feedstock for carbonization
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9 (4), 616 - 626
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Pre-treatment of filter cake for anaerobic digestion in sugarcane biorefineries: Assessment of batch versus semi-continuous experiments
Renew. Energy 143 , 1416 - 1426
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Evaluation of sequencing library preparation protocols for viral metagenomic analysis from pristine aquifer groundwaters
Viruses 11 (6), art. 484
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Complete genome sequence of Pseudoalteromonas virus vB_PspP-H6/1 that infects Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain H6
Mar. Genom. 47 , art. 100667
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Genomic blueprints of sponge-prokaryote symbiosis are shared by low abundant and cultivatable Alphaproteobacteria
Sci. Rep. 9 , art. 1999
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Sated by a zero-calorie sweetener - wastewater bacteria can feed on acesulfame
Front. Microbiol. 10 , art. 2606
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Crystal structure of dihydro-heme d1 dehydrogenase NirN from Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals amino acid residues essential for catalysis
J. Mol. Biol. 431 (17), 3246 - 3260
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Trophic networks improve the performance of microbial anodes treating wastewater
npj Biofilms Microbiomes 5 , art. 27
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Disturbance size can be compensated for by spatial fragmentation in soil microbial ecosystems
Front. Ecol. Evol. 7 , art. 290
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Biofouling of membranes in microbial electrochemical technologies: Causes, characterization methods and mitigation strategies
Bioresour. Technol. 279 , 327 - 338
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Corrigendum: Spotlight on the energy harvest of electroactive microorganisms: The impact of the applied anode potential
Front. Microbiol. 10 , art. 2744
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Spotlight on the energy harvest of electroactive microorganisms: The impact of the applied anode potential
Front. Microbiol. 10 , art. 1352
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Key sub‑community dynamics of medium‑chain carboxylate production
Microb. Cell. Fact. 18 , art. 92
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2H and 13C isotope fractionation analysis of organophosphorus compounds for characterizing transformation reactions in biogas slurry: Potential for anaerobic treatment of contaminated biomass
Water Res. 163 , art. 114882
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Neutral mechanisms and niche differentiation in steady-state insular microbial communities revealed by single cell analysis
Environ. Microbiol. 21 (1), 164 - 181
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flowEMMi: an automated model-based clustering tool for microbial cytometric data
BMC Bioinformatics 20 , art. 643
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Microbial community shifts in biogas reactors upon complete or partial ammonia inhibition
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 103 (1), 519 - 533
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Photocalorespirometry (Photo-CR): A novel method for access to photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency
Sci. Rep. 9 , art. 9298
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Secondary structure of DNA released from purified capsids of human parvovirus B19 under moderate denaturing conditions
J. Gen. Virol. 100 (5), 812 - 827
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Front cover: Resting Escherichia coli as chassis for microbial electrosynthesis: production of chiral alcohols (ChemSusChem 8/2019)
ChemSusChem 12 (8), 1478, 1482
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Resting Escherichia coli as chassis for microbial electrosynthesis: production of chiral alcohols
ChemSusChem 12 (8), 1631 - 1634
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Co-composting of the biogas residues and spent mushroom substrate: Physicochemical properties and maturity assessment
Bioresour. Technol. 276 , 281 - 287
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Summer comes to the Southern Ocean: how phytoplankton shape bacterioplankton communities far into the deep dark sea
Ecosphere 10 (3), e02641
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Integrating electrochemistry into bioreactors: effect of the upgrade kit on mass transfer, mixing time and sterilizability
Front. Energy Res. 7 , art. 98
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Marine probiotics: increasing coral resistance to bleaching through microbiome manipulation
ISME J. 13 , 921 - 936
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The simplified human intestinal microbiota (SIHUMIx) shows high structural and functional resistance against changing transit times in in vitro bioreactors
Microorganisms 7 (12), art. 641
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Microbe-driven chemical ecology: past, present and future
ISME J. 13 , 2656 - 2663
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Identification of Clostridium cochlearium as an electroactive microorganism from the mouse gut microbiome
Bioelectrochemistry 130 , art. 107334
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Drought modulates interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and barley genotype diversity
Sci. Rep. 9 , art. 9650
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Changes in bacterial diversity and catabolic gene abundance during the removal of dimethylphenol isomers in laboratory scale constructed wetlands
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 103 (1), 505 - 517
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Augmenting biogas process modeling by resolving intracellular metabolic activity
Front. Microbiol. 10 , art. 1095
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Ecological functions of agricultural soil bacteria and microeukaryotes in chitin degradation: A case study
Front. Microbiol. 10 , art. 1293
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Corrigendum to “Phylogenetic analysis of a newfound bat-borne hantavirus supports a Laurasiatherian host association for ancestral mammalian hantaviruses” [Infect. Genet. Evol. 41 (2016) 113–119]
Infect. Genet. Evol. 67 , 245
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Associational effects in the microbial neighborhood
ISME J. 13 , 2143 - 2149
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Structures of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid-CoA ligase reveal determinants of substrate specificity and describe a multi-conformational catalytic cycle
J. Mol. Biol. 431 (15), 2747 - 2761
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Spatial separation of metabolic stages in a tube anaerobic baffled reactor: reactor performance and microbial community dynamics
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 103 (9), 3915 - 3929
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