Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Ing. Norbert Grunwald
Department Environmental Informatics
Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig GmbH
Permoserstr. 15
04318 Leipzig, Germany
Research interests
- Numerical modelling of coupled THM and TH2M processes
- Behaviour of geological formations and engineered barriers
- Geotechnical simulations, including waste repositories, CO₂ storage, energy storage and geothermal systems
- Automated and reproducible workflows for complex modelling chains
- Scientific software development (C++20, Python)
Publications:
Index:
- 2025 (4)
- 2024 (2)
- 2023 (5)
- 2022 (3)
- 2020 (1)
- 2017 (8)
- 2016 (2)
- 2015 (3)
- 2014 (2)
- 2013 (2)
- 2012 (7)
- 2011 (4)
- 2010 (1)
You could use our publication index for further requests.
2025 (4)
- Bilke, L., Naumov, D., Fischer, T., Wang, W., Mollaali, M., Buchwald, J., Jäschke, M., Lehmann, C., Berger, F., Grunwald, N., Meisel, T., Zill, F., Stehling, T.D., Vehling, F., Nagel, T., Silbermann, C., Selzer, P., Shukla, D., Kiszkurno, F.K., Tecklenburg, J. (2025):
OpenGeoSys
Version: 6.5.6 Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.17162299 - Bilke, L., Naumov, D., Wang, W., Fischer, T., Kiszkurno, F.K., Lehmann, C., Jäschke, M., Zill, F., Buchwald, J., Grunwald, N., Kessler, K., Aubry, L., Dörnbrack, M., Nagel, T., Ahrendt, L., Kaiser, S., Meisel, T. (2025):
OpenGeoSys
Version: 6.5.4 Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.13685289 - Buchwald, J., Grunwald, N., Wang, W., Shao, H., Kolditz, O., Nagel, T. (2025):
The relevance of two-phase flow in the thermo-hydro-mechanical evolution of clay formations exposed to high temperatures by heat-emitting waste
Appl. Therm. Eng. 264 , art. 125379 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125379 - Meisel, T., Zill, F., Jäschke, M., Bilke, L., Grunwald, N., Fischer, T., Kiszkurno, F.K. (2025):
OGSTools
Version: 0.7.1 Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.17223939
2024 (2)
- Lehmann, C., Bilke, L., Buchwald, J., Graebling, N., Grunwald, N., Heinze, J., Meisel, T., Lu, R., Naumov, D., Rink, K., Sen, Ö.O., Selzer, P., Shao, H., Wang, W., Zill, F., Nagel, T., Kolditz, O. (2024):
OpenWorkFlow — Development of an open-source synthesis-platform for safety investigations in the site selection process
Grundwasser 29 (1), 31 - 47 10.1007/s00767-024-00566-9 - Pitz, M., Jacops, E., Grunwald, N., Ziefle, G., Nagel, T. (2024):
On multi-component gas migration in single-phase systems
Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 57 (6), 4251 - 4264 10.1007/s00603-024-03838-1
2023 (5)
- Bilke, L., Lehmann, C., Naumov, D., Fischer, T., Wang, W., Buchwald, J., Rink, K., Grunwald, N., Zill, F., Kiszkurno, F.K., Mollaali, M., Nagel, T., Thiedau, J., Gerasimov, T., Ziaei-Rad, V., Kurgyis, K., Lu, R., Silbermann, C., Heinze, J., Vehling, F., Meng, B., Yoshioka, K., You, T., Chaudrhy, A., Shao, H., Günther, L., Kantzenbach, M., Kolditz, O., Meisel, T. (2023):
OpenGeoSys
Version: 6.4.4 Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.7716938 - Grunwald, N., Nagel, T., Pitz, M., Kolditz, O. (2023):
Extended analysis of benchmarks for gas phase appearance in low-permeable rocks
Geomech. Geophys. Geo-Energy Geo-Resour. 9 , art. 170 10.1007/s40948-023-00703-3 - Kolditz, O., Cajuhi, T., Günther, R.-M., Steeb, H., Wuttke, F., Yoshioka, K., Grunwald, N., Nagel, T. (2023):
Synthesis and outlook
In: Kolditz, O., Yoshioka, K., Cajuhi, T., Günther, R.-M., Steeb, H., Wuttke, F., Nagel, T. (eds.)
GeomInt - Discontinuities in geosystems from lab to field scale
SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences
Springer International Publishing, Cham, p. 91 - 98 10.1007/978-3-031-26493-1_6 - Pitz, M., Grunwald, N., Graupner, B., Kurgyis, K., Radeisen, E., Maßmann, J., Ziefle, G., Thiedau, J., Nagel, T. (2023):
Benchmarking a new TH2M implementation in OGS-6 with regard to processes relevant for nuclear waste disposal
Environ. Earth Sci. 82 (13), art. 319 10.1007/s12665-023-10971-7 - Pitz, M., Kaiser, S., Grunwald, N., Kumar, V., Buchwald, J., Wang, W., Naumov, D., Chaudhry, A.A., Maßmann, J., Thiedau, J., Kolditz, O., Nagel, T. (2023):
Non-isothermal consolidation: A systematic evaluation of two implementations based on multiphase and Richards equations
Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 170 , art. 105534 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2023.105534
2022 (3)
- Bilke, L., Fischer, T., Naumov, D., Lehmann, C., Lu, R., Meng, B., Rink, K., Grunwald, N., Buchwald, J., Silbermann, C., Habel, R., Günther, L., Mollaali, M., Randow, J., Meisel, T., Einspänner, S., Shao, H., Garibay-Rodriguez, J., Kurgyis, K., Kolditz, O. (2022):
OpenGeoSys
Version: 6.4.3 Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.7092676 - Bilke, L., Fischer, T., Naumov, D., Wang, W., Lehmann, C., Lu, R., Grunwald, N., Meng, B., Buchwald, J., Zill, F., Silbermann, C., Rink, K., Bathmann, J., Kern, D., Yoshioka, K., Kiszkurno, F.K., Garibay-Rodriguez, J., You, T., Randow, J., Meisel, T., Chaudrhy, A., Pitz, M., Chen, S., Nagel, T. (2022):
ufz/ogs: 6.4.2
Version: 6.4.2 Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.6405711 - Grunwald, N., Lehmann, C., Maßmann, J., Naumov, D., Kolditz, O., Nagel, T. (2022):
Non-isothermal two-phase flow in deformable porous media: systematic open-source implementation and verification procedure
Geomech. Geophys. Geo-Energy Geo-Resour. 8 (3), art. 107 10.1007/s40948-022-00394-2
2020 (1)
- Grunwald, N., Maßmann, J., Kolditz, O., Nagel, T. (2020):
Non-iterative phase-equilibrium model of the H2O-CO2-NaCl-system for large-scale numerical simulations
Math. Comput. Simul. 178 , 46 - 61 10.1016/j.matcom.2020.05.024
2017 (8)
- Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O., Nagel, T. (2017):
Thermo-mechanical investigation of salt caverns for short-term hydrogen storage
Environ. Earth Sci. 76 (3), art. 98 10.1007/s12665-017-6414-2 - Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (2017):
Computational geotechnics : storage of energy carriers
SpringerBriefs in Energy
Springer, XII, 70 pp. 10.1007/978-3-319-56962-8 - Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (2017):
Simulation of laboratory tests
In: Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (eds.)
Computational geotechnics : storage of energy carriers
SpringerBriefs in Energy
Springer, p. 23 - 43 10.1007/978-3-319-56962-8_3 - Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (2017):
Basics of thermomechanics and inelasticity
In: Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (eds.)
Computational geotechnics : storage of energy carriers
SpringerBriefs in Energy
Springer, p. 7 - 22 10.1007/978-3-319-56962-8_2 - Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (2017):
Closing remarks
In: Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (eds.)
Computational geotechnics : storage of energy carriers
SpringerBriefs in Energy
Springer, p. 67 - 67 10.1007/978-3-319-56962-8_5 - Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (2017):
Introduction
In: Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (eds.)
Computational geotechnics : storage of energy carriers
SpringerBriefs in Energy
Springer, p. 1 - 5 10.1007/978-3-319-56962-8_1 - Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (2017):
Simulating gas storage in salt caverns
In: Nagel, T., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (eds.)
Computational geotechnics : storage of energy carriers
SpringerBriefs in Energy
Springer, p. 45 - 62 10.1007/978-3-319-56962-8_4 - Nagel, T., Minkley, W., Böttcher, N., Naumov, D., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (2017):
Implicit numerical integration and consistent linearization of inelastic constitutive models of rock salt
Comput. Struct. 182 , 87 - 103 10.1016/j.compstruc.2016.11.010
2016 (2)
- Böttcher, N., Maßmann, J., Vogel, P., Nagel, T. (2016):
Deformation processes
In: Kolditz, O., Görke, U.-J., Shao, H., Wang, W., Bauer, S. (eds.)
Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes in fractured porous media: Modelling and benchmarking. Benchmarking initiatives
Terrestrial Environmental Sciences
Springer Nature, Cham, p. 41 - 94 10.1007/978-3-319-29224-3_4 - Böttcher, N., Watanabe, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (2016):
Geoenergy modeling I: Geothermal processes in fractured porous media
SpringerBriefs in Energy
Springer, 107 pp. 10.1007/978-3-319-31335-1
2015 (3)
- Nagel, T., Beckert, S., Böttcher, N., Gläser, R., Kolditz, O. (2015):
The impact of adsorbate density models on the simulation of water sorption on nanoporous materials for heat storage
Energy Procedia 75 , 2106 - 2112 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.331 - Nagel, T., Böttcher, N. (2015):
Mechanical processes
In: Kolditz, O., Shao, H., Wang, W., Bauer, S. (eds.)
Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes in fractured porous media: Modelling and benchmarking. Closed-form solutions
Terrestrial Environmental Sciences
Springer Nature, Cham, p. 185 - 201 10.1007/978-3-319-11894-9_7 - Wang, W., Fischer, T., Zehner, B., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (2015):
A parallel finite element method for two-phase flow processes in porous media: OpenGeoSys with PETSc
Environ. Earth Sci. 73 (5), 2269 - 2285 10.1007/s12665-014-3576-z
2014 (2)
- Körner, P., Pluntke, T., Sachse, A., Böttcher, N., Naumov, D., Kolditz, O., Bernhofer, C. (2014):
Inverse determination of groundwater inflow using water balance simulations
Environ. Earth Sci. 72 (12), 4757 - 4769 10.1007/s12665-014-3327-1 - Walther, M., Solpuker, U., Böttcher, N., Kolditz, O., Liedl, R., Schwartz, F.W. (2014):
Description and verification of a novel flow and transport model for silicate-gel emplacement
J. Contam. Hydrol. 157 , 1 - 10 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.10.007
2013 (2)
- Förster, A., Albrecht, D., Bauer, S., Baumann, G., Beyer, C., Böttcher, N., Braun, R., Behrends, K., Conze, R., De Lucia, M., Ganzer, L., Gaupp, R., Görke, U.-J., Gou, Y., Henninges, J., Hou, Z., Kohlhepp, B., Kolditz, O., Kühn, M., Lempp, C., Liedl, R., Meyer, R., Norden, B., Nowak, T., Pilz, P., Pudlo, D., Rateizak, M., Reitenbach, V., Shams, K.M., Shao, H., Singh, A.K., Stadler, S., Stecken, L., Taron, J., Wang, W., Watanabe, N., Wienand, J., Yoon, J., Zimmer, M. (2013):
Evaluation of geo-processes
In: Kühn, M., Münch, U. (eds.)
CLEAN: CO2 Large-Scale Enhanced Gas Recovery in the Altmark Natural Gas Field. GEOTECHNOLOGIEN Science Report No. 19
Advanced Technologies in Earth Sciences
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, p. 53 - 98 10.1007/978-3-642-31677-7_4 - Singh, A.K., Böttcher, N., Görke, U.-J., Delfs, J.-O., Taron, J., Kolditz, O. (2013):
A benchmark study on non-isothermal compositional fluid flow
Energy Procedia 37 , 3901 - 3910 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.288
2012 (7)
- Böttcher, N., Singh, A.-K., Kolditz, O., Liedl, R. (2012):
Non-isothermal, compressible gas flow for the simulation of an enhanced gas recovery application
J. Comput. Appl. Math. 236 (18), 4933 - 4943 10.1016/j.cam.2011.11.013 - Böttcher, N., Taron, J., Kolditz, O., Liedl, R., Park, C.-H. (2012):
Comparsion of equations of state for carbon dioxide for numerical simulations
In: Oswald, S.E., Kolditz, O., Attinger, S. (eds.)
Models - repositories of knowledge : proceedings of ModelCARE2011 held in Leipzig, Germany, September 2011
IAHS Publ. 355
International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, p. 252 - 260 - Böttcher, N., Taron, J., Kolditz, O., Park, C.-H., Liedl, R. (2012):
Evaluation of thermal equations of state for CO2 in numerical simulations
Environ. Earth Sci. 67 (2), 481 - 495 10.1007/s12665-012-1704-1 - Kolditz, O., Bauer, S., Beyer, C., Böttcher, N., Dietrich, P., Görke, U.-J., Kalbacher, T., Park, C.-H., Sauer, U., Schütze, C., Shao, H., Singh, A., Taron, J., Wang, W., Watanabe, N. (2012):
A systematic benchmarking approach for geologic CO2 injection and storage
Environ. Earth Sci. 67 (2), 613 - 632 10.1007/s12665-012-1656-5 - Kolditz, O., Bauer, S., Bilke, L., Böttcher, N., Delfs, J.O., Fischer, T., Görke, U.J., Kalbacher, T., Kosakowski, G., McDermott, C.I., Park, C.H., Radu, F., Rink, K., Shao, H., Shao, H.B., Sun, F., Sun, Y.Y., Singh, A.K., Taron, J., Walther, M., Wang, W., Watanabe, N., Wu, Y., Xie, M., Xu, W., Zehner, B. (2012):
OpenGeoSys: an open-source initiative for numerical simulation of thermo-hydro-mechanical/chemical (THM/C) processes in porous media
Environ. Earth Sci. 67 (2), 589 - 599 10.1007/s12665-012-1546-x - Kolditz, O., Bauer, S., Böttcher, N., Elsworth, D., Görke, U.-J., McDermott, C.I., Park, C.-H., Singh, A.K., Taron, J., Wang, W. (2012):
Numerical simulation of two-phase flow in deformable porous media: application to carbon dioxide storage in the subsurface
Math. Comput. Simul. 82 (10), 1919 - 1935 10.1016/j.matcom.2012.06.010 - Walther, M., Böttcher, N., Liedl, R. (2012):
A 3D interpolation algorithm for layered tilted geological formations using an adapted inverse distance weighting approach
In: Oswald, S.E., Kolditz, O., Attinger, S. (eds.)
Models - repositories of knowledge : proceedings of ModelCARE2011 held in Leipzig, Germany, September 2011
IAHS Publ. 355
International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, p. 119 - 126
2011 (4)
- Kolditz, O., Böttcher, N., Bauer, S., Görke, U.-J., Park, C.-H., Wang, W. (2011):
Numerical simulation of two-phase flow in deformable porous media: application to carbon dioxide storage in the subsurface
In: Wang, Y., Ge, S., Hill, M.C., Zheng, C. (eds.)
Calibration and reliability in groundwater modelling: Managing groundwater and the environment. 7th International Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling ModelCARE 2009, Wuhan, China, 20-23 September 2009
IAHS Publ. 341
International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, p. 228 - 234 - Park, C.-H., Böttcher, N., Wang, W., Kolditz, O. (2011):
Are upwind techniques in multi-phase flow models necessary?
J. Comput. Phys. 230 (22), 8304 - 8312 10.1016/j.jcp.2011.07.030 - Singh, A.-K., Boettcher, N., Wang, W., Park, C.-H., Goerke, U.J., Kolditz, O. (2011):
Non-isothermal effects on two-phase flow in porous medium: CO2 disposal into a saline aquifer
Energy Procedia 4 , 3889 - 3895 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.326 - Singh, A.K., Böttcher, N., Wang, W., Görke, U.-J., Kolditz, O. (2011):
Non-isothermal compositional gas flow during carbon dioxide storage and enhanced gas recovery
In: Papadrakakis, M., Onate, E., Schrefler, B. (eds.)
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computational Methods for Coupled Problems in Science and Engineering, COUPLED PROBLEMS 2011
CIMNE, Barcelona, 206 - 217
2010 (1)
- Böttcher, N., Park, C.-H., Kolditz, O., Liedl, R. (2010):
A non-isothermal two-phase flow model for compressible, supercritical fluids in porous media
In: Carrera, J., Sánchez-Vila, X., Fernández-García, D., Bolster, D. (eds.)
Proceedings of the XVIII International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWR 2010), June 21 to 24, 2010, Barcelona, Spain
CIMNE, Barcelona, p. 271 - 278