Publication Details

Category Text Publication
Reference Category Journals
DOI 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103172
Licence creative commons licence
Title (Primary) Isotopic composition (δ18O, δ2H) of the Indian Summer Monsoon in Southern Oman: A model-aided process interpretation
Author Müller, T.; van Geldern, R.; Friesen, J. ORCID logo ; Schmidt, M.; Bait Said, A.B.A.; Knöller, K.; Michelsen, N.
Source Titel Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
Year 2026
Department CATHYD; SUBT
Volume 64
Page From art. 103172
Language englisch
Topic T4 Coastal System
T5 Future Landscapes
T7 Bioeconomy
Supplements Supplement 1
Keywords Indian Summer Monsoon; Precipitation stable isotopes; Sub-cloud evaporation; Pseudo-elevation effect; Salalah; Dhofar
Abstract Study region
This study deals with the isotopic composition of monsoon precipitation in Southern Oman, specifically in the Salalah coastal plain and the adjacent Dhofar Mountains.

Study focus
Monsoon variability on the southern Arabian Peninsula has been described based on the oxygen isotope composition of various terrestrial archives, often on the millennial scale. However, the factors influencing the spatio-temporal variability of the oxygen isotope composition of today's monsoon precipitation have not yet been described for this region. Here, we present stable isotope ratios of oxygen and hydrogen for the Indian Summer Monsoon in the greater Salalah area.

New hydrological insights for the region

The precipitation amount-weighted mean isotope values along an elevation transect show lighter signatures at higher elevation, but generally low deuterium excess values (d<10 ‰). To trace the origin and (short-term) history of the precipitation system, we applied a 3-step model incorporating evaporation of seawater, condensation, and sub-cloud evaporation. Our modelling exercise indicates that the classic elevation effect is quasi-negligible, and that sub-cloud evaporation is likely to be the main driver behind the encountered isotope pattern. This pseudo-elevation effect implies that the precipitation is not depleted in heavy isotopes with increasing elevation, but rather enriched with decreasing elevation. This effect may prevail in other (semi-arid) areas as well.





Müller, T., van Geldern, R., Friesen, J., Schmidt, M., Bait Said, A.B.A., Knöller, K., Michelsen, N. (2026):
Isotopic composition (δ18O, δ2H) of the Indian Summer Monsoon in Southern Oman: A model-aided process interpretation
J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud. 64 , art. 103172 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103172