Data on trophic evolution of Rocha lagoon in relation to sea level variation for the Holocene are presented. A negative relationship between trophic degree and sea level was observed. Highest organic matter, total abundance of diatoms and sponge spicules were registered during regression events, most probably due to an increase in runoff processes from the catchment area. The identified regression and transgression events were in close agreement with the regional model of sea level variation (Martin & Suguio, 1992).