Publication Details |
| Category | Text Publication |
| Reference Category | Journals |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.02.030 |
| Title (Primary) | Savanna-derived organic matter remaining in arable soils of the South African Highveld long-term mixed cropping: Evidence from 13C and 15N natural abundance |
| Author | Lobe, I.; Bol, R.; Ludwig, B.; Du Preez, C.C.; Amelung, W. |
| Source Titel | Soil Biology & Biochemistry |
| Year | 2005 |
| Department | FLOEK |
| Volume | 37 |
| Issue | 10 |
| Page From | 1898 |
| Page To | 1909 |
| Language | englisch |
| Abstract | Sustainable agriculture requires the formation of new humus from the crops. We utilized C-13 and N-15 signatures of soil organic matter to assess how rapidly wheat/maize cropping contributed to the humus formation in coarse-textured savanna soils of the South African Highveld. Composite samples were taken from the top 20 cm of soils (Plinthustalfs) cropped for lengths of time varying from 0 to 98 years, after conversion from native grassland savanna (C4). We performed natural 13C and 15N abundance measurements on bulk and particle-size fractions. The bulk soil delta(13)C values steadily decreased from -14.6 in (C4 dominated) grassland to -16.5%o after 90 years of arable cropping. This delta(13)C shift was attributable to increasing replacement of savanna-derived C by wheat crop (C3) C which dominated over maize (C4) inputs. After calculating the annual C input from the crop yields and the output from literature data, by using a stepwise C replacement model, we were able to correct the soil delta(13)C data for the irregular maize inputs for a period of about one century. Within 90 years of cropping 41-89% of the remaining soil organic matter was crop-derived in the three studied agroecosystems. The surface soil C stocks after 90 years of the wheat/maize crop rotation could accurately be described with the Rothamsted Carbon Model, but modelled C inputs to the soil were very low. The coarse sand fraction reflected temporal fluctuations in C-13 of the last C-3 or C-4 cropping and the silt fraction evidenced selective erosion loss of old savanna-derived C. Bulk soil N-15 did not change with increasing cropping length. Decreasing delta(15)N values caused by fertilizer N inputs with prolonged arable cropping were only detected for the coarse sand fraction. This indicated that the present N fertilization was not retained in stable soil C pool. Clearly, conventional cropping practices on the South African highlands neither contribute to the preservation of old savanna C and N, nor the effective humus reformation by the crops. |
| Persistent UFZ Identifier | https://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=20939&ufzPublicationIdentifier=3583 |
| Lobe, I., Bol, R., Ludwig, B., Du Preez, C.C., Amelung, W. (2005): Savanna-derived organic matter remaining in arable soils of the South African Highveld long-term mixed cropping: Evidence from 13C and 15N natural abundance Soil Biol. Biochem. 37 (10), 1898 - 1909 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.02.030 |
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