Publication Details

Category Text Publication
Reference Category Journals
DOI 10.3390/environments13100536
Licence creative commons licence
Title (Primary) A trait-based framework for monitoring forest land use intensity with remote sensing: a conceptual review
Author Lausch, A. ORCID logo ; Borg, E.; Dong, X.; Jung, A.; Pause, M.; Selsam, P.; Zhou, T.; Bumberger, J. ORCID logo
Source Titel Environments
Year 2026
Department CLE; MET; iDiv
Volume 13
Issue 10
Page From art. 536
Language englisch
Topic T5 Future Landscapes
Keywords forest management intensity; forest traits; Earth Observation; forest ecosystem monitoring; ecological indicators; Artificial Intelligence; multi-sensor data fusion; Knowledge Graphs
Abstract Forest Land Use Intensity (F-LUI) is a multidimensional and dynamic property of forest ecosystems that cannot be directly observed by Remote Sensing (RS). Existing approaches commonly quantify individual management activities, forest attributes or ecological responses and therefore capture only specific dimensions of forest-use intensity. This concept-driven narrative review proposes a trait-based conceptual framework in which forest traits constitute the common observational interface linking anthropogenic forest use, ecosystem responses and RS observations. Based on this principle forest traits and their spatial, temporal and functional expressions are interpreted within six complementary F-LUI indicator families: Trait, Genesis, Structure, Taxonomy, Function and Socio-economics. Rather than defining a universal F-LUI index, the framework provides a multidimensional, sensor-independent architecture for integrating RS with in situ observations, forest inventories, management information and environmental data. Emerging approaches including Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Foundation Models, multi-sensor data fusion, semantic technologies, Knowledge Graphs and Digital Twins may support its operationalisation. Key challenges remain in standardisation, uncertainty quantification, attribution of management effects and transferability across forest types, management regimes and spatial and temporal scales. The proposed framework provides an open and extensible basis for harmonised, reproducible and operational trait-based monitoring of F-LUI.
Lausch, A., Borg, E., Dong, X., Jung, A., Pause, M., Selsam, P., Zhou, T., Bumberger, J. (2026):
A trait-based framework for monitoring forest land use intensity with remote sensing: a conceptual review
Environments 13 (10), art. 536
10.3390/environments13100536