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DOI 10.1029/2024EF004902
Licence creative commons licence
Title (Primary) Exploring site-specific carbon dioxide removal options with storage or sequestration in the marine environment - The 10 Mt CO2 yr-1 removal challenge for Germany
Author Yao, W.; Morganti, T.M.; Wu, J.; Borchers, M. ORCID logo ; Anschütz, A.; Bednarz, L.-K.; Bhaumik, K.A.; Böttcher, M.; Burkhard, K.; Cabus, T.; Chua, A.S.; Diercks, I.; Esposito, M.; Fink, M.; Fouqueray, M.; Gasanzade, F.; Geilert, S.; Hauck, J.; Havermann, F.; Hellige, I.; Hoog, S.; Jürchott, M.; Kalapurakkal, H.T.; Kemper, J.; Kremin, I.; Lange, I.; Marquez Lencina-Avila, J.; Liadova, M.; Liu, F.; Mathesius, S.; Mehendale, N.; Nagwekar, T.; Philippi, M.; Neves da Luz, G.L.; Ramasamy, M.; Stahl, F.; Tank, L.; Vorrath, M.-E.; Westmark, L.; Wey, H.-W.; Wollnik, R.; Wölfelschneider, M.; Bach, W.; Bischof, K.; Boersma, M.; Daewel, U.; Fernández-Méndez, M.; Geuer, J.; Keller, D.P.; Kopf, A.; Merk, C.; Moosdorf, N.; Oppelt, N.; Oschlies, A.; Pongratz, J.; Proelss, A.; Rehder, G.J.; Rüpke, L.; Szarka, N.; Thrän, D.; Wallmann, K.; Mengis, N.
Source Titel Earth's Future
Year 2025
Department BIOENERGIE
Volume 13
Issue 4
Page From e2024EF004902
Language englisch
Topic T5 Future Landscapes
Supplements https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1029%2F2024EF004902&file=2024EF004902-sup-0001-Supporting+Information+SI-S01.docx
Keywords carbon dioxide removal (CDR); net-zero; ocean-based climate mitigation; natural carbon sink enhancement; artificial upwelling; seaweed farming; BECCS; ocean alkalinity enhancement
Abstract Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) and geological carbon storage in the marine environment (mCS) promise to help mitigate global climate change alongside drastic emission reductions. However, the implementable potential of mCDR and mCS depends, apart from technology readiness, also on site-specific conditions. In this work, we explore different options for mCDR and mCS, using the German context as a case study. We challenge each option to remove 10 Mt CO2 yr−1, accounting for 8%–22% of projected hard-to-abate and residual emissions of Germany in 2045. We focus on the environmental, resource, and infrastructure requirements of individual mCDR and mCS options at specific sites, within the German jurisdiction when possible. This serves as an entry point to discuss main uncertainty factors and research needs beyond technology readiness, and, where possible, cost estimates, expected environmental effects, and monitoring approaches. In total, we describe 10 mCDR and mCS options; four aim at enhancing the chemical carbon uptake of the ocean through alkalinity enhancement, four aim at enhancing blue carbon ecosystems' sink capacity, and two employ geological off-shore storage. Our results indicate that five out of 10 options would potentially be implementable within German jurisdiction, and three of them could potentially meet the challenge. Our exercise serves as an example on how the creation of more tangible and site-specific CDR options can provide a basis for the assessment of socio-economic, ethical, political, and legal aspects for such implementations. The approach presented here can easily be applied to other regional or national CDR capacity considerations.
Persistent UFZ Identifier https://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=20939&ufzPublicationIdentifier=30113
Yao, W., Morganti, T.M., Wu, J., Borchers, M., Anschütz, A., Bednarz, L.-K., Bhaumik, K.A., Böttcher, M., Burkhard, K., Cabus, T., Chua, A.S., Diercks, I., Esposito, M., Fink, M., Fouqueray, M., Gasanzade, F., Geilert, S., Hauck, J., Havermann, F., Hellige, I., Hoog, S., Jürchott, M., Kalapurakkal, H.T., Kemper, J., Kremin, I., Lange, I., Marquez Lencina-Avila, J., Liadova, M., Liu, F., Mathesius, S., Mehendale, N., Nagwekar, T., Philippi, M., Neves da Luz, G.L., Ramasamy, M., Stahl, F., Tank, L., Vorrath, M.-E., Westmark, L., Wey, H.-W., Wollnik, R., Wölfelschneider, M., Bach, W., Bischof, K., Boersma, M., Daewel, U., Fernández-Méndez, M., Geuer, J., Keller, D.P., Kopf, A., Merk, C., Moosdorf, N., Oppelt, N., Oschlies, A., Pongratz, J., Proelss, A., Rehder, G.J., Rüpke, L., Szarka, N., Thrän, D., Wallmann, K., Mengis, N. (2025):
Exploring site-specific carbon dioxide removal options with storage or sequestration in the marine environment - The 10 Mt CO2 yr-1 removal challenge for Germany
Earth Future 13 (4), e2024EF004902 10.1029/2024EF004902