Details zur Publikation |
| Kategorie | Textpublikation |
| Referenztyp | Zeitschriften |
| DOI | 10.1002/ece3.73635 |
Lizenz  |
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| Titel (primär) | Behavioral variability of endangered northern pig-tailed macaques in a degraded mosaic habitat in northeast Bangladesh |
| Autor | Naher, H.; Akhter, T.; Ullah, A.; Siam, M.S.; Khan, S.I.; Islam, M.S.; Simon, M.; Ruppert, N. |
| Quelle | Ecology and Evolution |
| Erscheinungsjahr | 2026 |
| Department | MOLTOX |
| Band/Volume | 16 |
| Heft | 5 |
| Seite von | e73635 |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Topic | T9 Healthy Planet |
| Keywords | adaptation; behavioral plasticity; Macaca leonina; plantation use; primates |
| Abstract | As wildlife habitat degradation accelerates globally, this study evaluated how habitat quality and structural complexity influence activity budgets and vertical space use in endangered northern pig-tailed macaques Macaca leonina). To examine behavioral adjustments to human-altered environments, we studied activity and stratum use in relation to habitat type, sex–age class, and season in two wild groups: one in a multi-crop plantation without forest access (PH) and one in a mixed natural forest–plantation habitat (MH) in and around the Satchari National Park, Bangladesh, across three seasons (August 2020–July 2021), yielding 14,591 behavioral data points. Activity budgets differed significantly between groups (χ2: p < 0.001). Differences were pronounced for feeding (PH = 24.3%, MH = 21.5%; p_adj = 0.003), foraging (6.5%, 3.2%; p_adj < 0.001), and playing (1.0%, 2.0%; p_adj < 0.001), with trends for locomotion (42.1%, 44.2%; p_adj = 0.053), positioning (18.8%, 20.7%; p_adj = 0.053), and grooming (5.2%, 5.8%; p_adj = 0.091). Plant dietary diversity did not differ significantly between habitats, but plantation macaques consumed proportionally more invertebrates. Multinomial regression showed that habitat significantly influenced probabilities (p < 0.05) of food-related and social activities across sex–age classes. Feeding and foraging were more likely in the plantation, whereas play was reduced. Feeding in the plantation declined significantly in summer, and adult males there were less likely to play and groom than adult females in the plantation or adult males in the mixed habitat. Vertical stratum use varied by habitat, age–sex class, and season (p < 0.05). Macaques spent nearly half of the day between 10 and 25 m, but plantation macaques used the ground more frequently. These findings indicate behavioral flexibility, yet simplified plantations lacking dietary and structural complexity may impose ecological and social costs that could undermine long-term population viability jeopardizing the survival of this threatened primate in degraded habitats. |
| Naher, H., Akhter, T., Ullah, A., Siam, M.S., Khan, S.I., Islam, M.S., Simon, M., Ruppert, N. (2026): Behavioral variability of endangered northern pig-tailed macaques in a degraded mosaic habitat in northeast Bangladesh Ecol. Evol. 16 (5), e73635 10.1002/ece3.73635 |
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