Details zur Publikation |
Kategorie | Textpublikation |
Referenztyp | Zeitschriften |
DOI | 10.5194/hess-23-1375-2019 |
Lizenz | |
Titel (primär) | Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements |
Autor | Mallast, U.; Siebert, C. |
Quelle | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
Erscheinungsjahr | 2019 |
Department | CATHYD |
Band/Volume | 23 |
Heft | 3 |
Seite von | 1375 |
Seite bis | 1392 |
Sprache | englisch |
Supplements | https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/23/1375/2019/hess-23-1375-2019-supplement.pdf |
Abstract | Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is highly variable in spatial
and temporal terms due to interplay of several terrestrial and marine
processes. While discrete in-situ measurements provide a continuous
temporal scale to investigate underlying processes and thus accounts for
temporal heterogeneity, remotely sensed thermal infrared radiation
sheds light on the spatial heterogeneity as it provides a continuous
spatial scale. Here we report results of the combination of both, the continuous spatial and temporal scales, using the ability of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to hover above a predefined location and the continuous recording of thermal radiation of a coastal area at the Dead Sea (Israel). With a flight altitude of 65 m above the water surface resulting in a spatial resolution of 13 cm and a thermal camera (FLIRTau2) which measures the upwelling long-wave infrared radiation at 4 Hz resolution we are able to generate a time sequence of thermal radiation images which allows us to analyse spatiotemporal SGD dynamics. In turn, we are able to enhance focused SGD spots otherwise being camouflaged by strong lateral flow dynamics that may not be observed on single thermal radiation images. Plus, we show the spatiotemporal behavior of a SGD induced thermal radiation pattern to vary in size and over time by up to 55 % for focused SGDs and by up to 600 % for diffuse SGDs due to different underlying flow dynamics. These flow dynamics even display a short-term periodicity in the order of 20 to 78 s for diffuse SGD which we attribute to an interplay of conduit maturity/geometry and wave setup. |
dauerhafte UFZ-Verlinkung | https://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=20939&ufzPublicationIdentifier=21540 |
Mallast, U., Siebert, C. (2019): Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 23 (3), 1375 - 1392 10.5194/hess-23-1375-2019 |