This chapter addresses the link between Santiago’s transport sector and its corresponding emissions, on the one hand, and the impact on the health of its citizens, on the other. The dispersion of pollutants at the micro and meso scale is based on an integrated approach that incorporates different platforms – satellite data, in situ measurements and emission data. Specific attention is paid to traffic emission estimates based on the traffic flow, fleet composition and emission factors in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile. Health-related indicators such as PM₁₀, O₃ and NO_x are discussed and their dispersion throughout the city analysed in order to arrive at a comprehensive health impact assessment. The possible development of PM₁₀ levels forms the basis of a detailed discussion on adverse health effects in the future.