Details zur Publikation |
| Kategorie | Textpublikation |
| Referenztyp | Zeitschriften |
| DOI | 10.1029/2008wr007088 |
| Titel (primär) | Passive wick fluxmeters: Design considerations and field applications |
| Autor | Gee, G.W.; Newman, B.D.; Green, S.R.; Meißner, R.; Rupp, H.; Zhang, Z.F.; Keller, J.M.; Waugh, W.J.; van der Velde, M.; Salazar, J. |
| Quelle | Water Resources Research |
| Erscheinungsjahr | 2009 |
| Department | BOPHY |
| Band/Volume | 45 |
| Seite von | W04420 |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Abstract | Optimization of water use in agriculture and quantification of percolation from landfills and watersheds require reliable estimates of vadose zone water fluxes. Current technology is limited primarily to lysimeters, which directly measure water flux but are expensive and may in some way disrupt flow, causing errors in the measured drainage. We report on design considerations and field tests of an alternative approach, passive wick fluxmeters, which use a control tube to minimize convergent or divergent flow. Design calculations with a quasi-three-dimensional model illustrate how convergence and divergence can be minimized for a range of soil and climatic conditions under steady state and transient fluxes using control tubes of varying heights. There exists a critical recharge rate for a given wick length, where the fluxmeter collection efficiency is 100% regardless of the height of the control tube. Otherwise, convergent or divergent flow will occur, especially when the control tube height is small. While divergence is eliminated in coarse soils using control tubes, it is reduced but not eliminated in finer soils, particularly for fluxes <100 mm/a. Passive wick fluxmeters were tested in soils ranging from nonvegetated semiarid settings in the United States to grasslands in Germany and rain-fed crops in New Zealand and the South Pacific. Where side-by-side comparisons of drainage were made between passive wick fluxmeters and conventional lysimeters in the United States and Germany, agreement was very good. In semiarid settings, drainage was found to depend upon precipitation distribution, surface soil, topographic relief, and the type and amount of vegetation. In Washington State, United States, soil texture dominated all factors controlling drainage from test landfill covers. As expected, drainage was greatest (>60% annual precipitation) from gravel surfaces and least (no drainage) from silt loam soils. In Oregon and New Mexico, United States, and in New Zealand, drainage showed substantial spatial variability. The New Mexico tests were located in semiarid canyon bottom terraces, with flash flood prone locations having extremely high drainage/precipitation ratios. In the wettest environments, drainage was found to be closely linked to the rate and duration of precipitation events. |
| dauerhafte UFZ-Verlinkung | https://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=20939&ufzPublicationIdentifier=187 |
| Gee, G.W., Newman, B.D., Green, S.R., Meißner, R., Rupp, H., Zhang, Z.F., Keller, J.M., Waugh, W.J., van der Velde, M., Salazar, J. (2009): Passive wick fluxmeters: Design considerations and field applications Water Resour. Res. 45 , W04420 10.1029/2008wr007088 |
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