species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Malus domestica Borkh. |
Rosaceae » |
Kultur-Apfel
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Malus domestica Borkh. |
accepted |
Malus sylvestris subsp. mitis (Wallr.) Mansf. |
Synonym |
Pyrus malus var. mitis Wallr. |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
17 |
Chromosome number 2n |
51 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
17 |
Chromosome number 2n |
34 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
4 |
End of flowering (months) |
5 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
0 (not available) Phenological season: not available |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
Reference |
Kutzelnigg, H. 1995: Maloideae. In: Hegi, G.B. (Hrsg.) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, 4 (2b), S. 250-426, Blackwell, Berlin |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g3 (pronounced protogynous) |
Reference |
Kutzelnigg, H. 1995: Maloideae. In: Hegi, G.B. (Hrsg.) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, 4 (2b), S. 250-426, Blackwell, Berlin |
Dichogamy |
g2 (protogynous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Kutzelnigg, H. 1995: Maloideae. In: Hegi, G.B. (Hrsg.) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, 4 (2b), S. 250-426, Blackwell, Berlin |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility) |
Reference |
de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Kutzelnigg, H. 1995: Maloideae. In: Hegi, G.B. (Hrsg.) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, 4 (2b), S. 250-426, Blackwell, Berlin |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Kutzelnigg, H. 1995: Maloideae. In: Hegi, G.B. (Hrsg.) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, 4 (2b), S. 250-426, Blackwell, Berlin |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
white to pink |
Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
AB (flowers with partly hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: syrphids, bees |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2ba (disk flowers with nectar ± hidden in centre of flower) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Po (pome) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
SaF (aggregate fruit (syncarpous)) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
6.9 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
9.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
3.9 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
4.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
2.1 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
2.8 |
special references:
|
Brzeziecki, B., Kienast, F. 1994: Classifying the life-history strategies of trees on the basis of the Grimian model. Forest Ecology and Management 69:167-187 (Gattung)
|
Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
Pelc, S. 1984: Morphology and structure of wild apple (Malus silvestris Mill.) common pear (Pyrus communis L.) and Chaenomeles japonica (Thinb.) Lindl. seeds. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 53:159-170 (Gattung)
|
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
T2.1.2.1 (null) Alliance: Berberidion u. Carpino-Prunion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
verwildert |
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
|
|
|
Display of complete information for the selected species. Only traits available for the selected species are displayed.
|