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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Cynoglossum officinale L. Boraginaceae » Gewöhnliche Hundszunge
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Cynoglossum officinale L. accepted
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 12
Chromosome number 2n 24
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABABBBBAAAABAA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span b (biennial)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span h (pluriennial-hapaxanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs r (Primary storage root)
Qualifier always [1]
Root metamorphoses »
Root metamorphoses r (Primary storage root)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes h (Hemirosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144
Upadhyaya, M.K., Tilsner, H.R., Pitt, M.D. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 87. Cynoglossum officinale L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:763-774
Boorman, L.A., Fuller, R.M. 1984: The comparative ecology of two sand dune biennials: Lactuca virosa L. and Cynoglossum officinale L.. New Phytologist 96:609-629
de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Nell, H.W., Troelstra, S.R. 1987: Growth and nutrient accumulation of the biennials Cirsium vulgare and Cynoglossum officinale under nutrient-rich conditions. Oikos 48:62-72
van Breemen, A.M.M. 1984: Comparative germination ecology of three short lived monocarpic Boraginaceae. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 33:283-305
Klinkhamer, P.G.L., de Jong, T.J., van der Meijden, E. 1985: Over "eenjarige" en "tweejarige" planten. Gorteria 12:143-150
Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy s (scleromorphic)
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form lang (long-leaf)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 5
End of flowering (months) 7
Duration of flowering (months) 3
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase)
Phenological season: start of early summer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction s (by seed/by spore)
Reference de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy g2 (protogynous)
Reference de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144
Dichogamy h (homogamous)
Reference de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference Vrieling, K., Saumitou-Laprade, P., Cuguen, J., van Dijk, H., de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G. 1999: Direct and indirect estimates of the selfing rate in small and large individuals of the bumblebee pollinated Cynoglossum officinale L. (Boraginaceae). Ecology Letters 2:331-337
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism ID (inbreeding depression)
Reference Melser, C. 2001: Selective seed abortion and offspring quality. Universiteit Leiden, Netherlands
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance at failure of outcrossing [7]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system XF (facultative allogamous)
Reference Vrieling, K., Saumitou-Laprade, P., Cuguen, J., van Dijk, H., de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G. 1999: Direct and indirect estimates of the selfing rate in small and large individuals of the bumblebee pollinated Cynoglossum officinale L. (Boraginaceae). Ecology Letters 2:331-337
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour brown red, gorge purple
Basic flower colour br (brown)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 3 (16-27 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 1 (UV reflectance pattern present)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER B (flowers with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 4.1 (stalk disc flowers, stamina and pistil within tube)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type BrF (lomentum)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type TF (mericarp)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type TF (mericarp)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages always [1]
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 20.0
Weight (mean) [mg] 26.0
Weight (maximum) [mg] 57.0
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 20.0
Weight (mean) [mg] 26.0
Weight (maximum) [mg] 57.0
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 6.0
Length (mean) [mm] 6.8
Length (maximum) [mm] 8.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 5.0
Width (mean) [mm] 5.6
Width (maximum) [mm] 7.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 2.0
Height (mean) [mm] 2.4
Height (maximum) [mm] 3.0
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 6.0
Length (mean) [mm] 6.8
Length (maximum) [mm] 8.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 5.0
Width (mean) [mm] 5.6
Width (maximum) [mm] 7.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 2.0
Height (mean) [mm] 2.4
Height (maximum) [mm] 3.0
special references:
de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144 (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L. 1989: Limiting factors for seed production in Cynoglossum officinale. Oecologia (Berlin) 80:167-172 (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type cs (competitors/stress-tolerators)
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 3
Oceanity »
Oceanity sks (weak subcontinental)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: extreme central continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
Floristic region wa (Western Asia)
Continent of floristic region: a (Asien)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Hemeroby c (a-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 3
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat T10.3.3.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.9.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T8.2.2.5 (null)
Alliance: Onopordion acanthii
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
English circumscription 06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands)
Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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