species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Cynoglossum officinale L. |
Boraginaceae » |
Gewöhnliche Hundszunge
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Cynoglossum officinale L. |
accepted |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
b (biennial) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span |
h (pluriennial-hapaxanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
r (Primary storage root) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Root metamorphoses » |
Root metamorphoses |
r (Primary storage root) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144
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Upadhyaya, M.K., Tilsner, H.R., Pitt, M.D. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 87. Cynoglossum officinale L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:763-774
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Boorman, L.A., Fuller, R.M. 1984: The comparative ecology of two sand dune biennials: Lactuca virosa L. and Cynoglossum officinale L.. New Phytologist 96:609-629
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de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Nell, H.W., Troelstra, S.R. 1987: Growth and nutrient accumulation of the biennials Cirsium vulgare and Cynoglossum officinale under nutrient-rich conditions. Oikos 48:62-72
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van Breemen, A.M.M. 1984: Comparative germination ecology of three short lived monocarpic Boraginaceae. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 33:283-305
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Klinkhamer, P.G.L., de Jong, T.J., van der Meijden, E. 1985: Over "eenjarige" en "tweejarige" planten. Gorteria 12:143-150
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Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
7 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase) Phenological season: start of early summer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g2 (protogynous) |
Reference |
de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144 |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144 |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Vrieling, K., Saumitou-Laprade, P., Cuguen, J., van Dijk, H., de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G. 1999: Direct and indirect estimates of the selfing rate in small and large individuals of the bumblebee pollinated Cynoglossum officinale L. (Boraginaceae). Ecology Letters 2:331-337 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
ID (inbreeding depression) |
Reference |
Melser, C. 2001: Selective seed abortion and offspring quality. Universiteit Leiden, Netherlands |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
at failure of outcrossing [7] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
XF (facultative allogamous) |
Reference |
Vrieling, K., Saumitou-Laprade, P., Cuguen, J., van Dijk, H., de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G. 1999: Direct and indirect estimates of the selfing rate in small and large individuals of the bumblebee pollinated Cynoglossum officinale L. (Boraginaceae). Ecology Letters 2:331-337 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
brown red, gorge purple |
Basic flower colour |
br (brown) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
3 (16-27 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
1 (UV reflectance pattern present) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
B (flowers with totally hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
4.1 (stalk disc flowers, stamina and pistil within tube) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
BrF (lomentum) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
TF (mericarp) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
TF (mericarp) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TF (mericarp) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
20.0 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
26.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
57.0 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TF (mericarp) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
20.0 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
26.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
57.0 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TF (mericarp) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
6.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
8.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
5.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
5.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
7.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
2.4 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TF (mericarp) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
6.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
8.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
5.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
5.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
7.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
2.4 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
special references:
|
de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Boorman, L.A. 1990: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cynolossum officinale L.. Journal of Ecology 78:1123-1144 (Gattung)
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Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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de Jong, T.J., Klinkhamer, P.G.L. 1989: Limiting factors for seed production in Cynoglossum officinale. Oecologia (Berlin) 80:167-172 (Gattung)
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Habitat » |
Habitat |
T10.3.3.1 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T10.9.4 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T8.2.2.5 (null) Alliance: Onopordion acanthii
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
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Class » |
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
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English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands) Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
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