species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Veratrum album L. |
Liliaceae » |
Weißer Germer
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Veratrum album L. |
accepted |
>Veratrum album subsp. album |
accepted |
>Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum (Bernh.) Arcang. |
accepted |
>Veratrum album var. lobelianum (Bernh.) Rchb. |
Synonym |
>Veratrum lobelianum Bernh. |
Basionym |
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Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
32 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
16 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
8 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
0 (not available) Phenological season: not available |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
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Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
am (andromonoecious) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny |
ad (androdioecious) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
Reference |
Ascherson, P., Bernátsky, J., Bernner, W., Buxbaum, F., Graebner, P., Höck, F., Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Ludwig, F. 1934: Araceae, Lemnaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Iridaceae. von Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Schröter, C., and Wangerin, W. (Hrsg.), Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas Vol. 1, 3. |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Daumann, E. 1959: Zur Blütenökologie der Einbeere Paris quadrifolia L.. Preslia (Praha) 31:277-283 |
Systematic reference |
genus [G] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
possible [5] |
Reference |
Ascherson, P., Bernátsky, J., Bernner, W., Buxbaum, F., Graebner, P., Höck, F., Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Ludwig, F. 1934: Araceae, Lemnaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Iridaceae. von Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Schröter, C., and Wangerin, W. (Hrsg.), Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas Vol. 1, 3. |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
XF (facultative allogamous) |
Reference |
Kleijn, D., Steinger, T. 2002: Contrasting effects of grazing and hay cutting on the spatial and genetic population structure of Veratrum album, an unpalatable, long-lived, clonal plant species. Journal of Ecology 90:360-370 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
white, greenish |
Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
ADe (transition type flowers with open nectar - nasty flowers) Typical pollinators: flies, beetles |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2a (disk flowers with nectar open) |
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Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
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Development of flat appendages |
always [1] |
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
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Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
8.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
9.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
10.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
3.5 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
4.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
4.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
8.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
9.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
10.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
3.5 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
4.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
4.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.9 |
special references:
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Häfliger, T.J., Wolf, M. 1988: Dicot Weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
N (fallow lands) |
Guild |
K (forb) |
Mowing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to mowing) |
Grazing tolerance |
7 (well tolerant to grazing) |
Trampling tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
1 (poisonous for livestock (and humans)) |
Foraging value for deer |
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Habitat » |
Habitat |
L5.2.3 (null) Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T3.1.1 (null) Alliance: Adenostylion alliariae
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T3.1.2 (null) Alliance: Rumicion alpinae
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T7.3.2 (null) Alliance: Molinion coeruleae p.p.
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Class » |
English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
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English circumscription |
07.2 (Alpine-montane tall herb and small-reed communities) Class: Stellario nemorum-Geranietea sylvatici
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English circumscription |
09.1 (Subalpine-alpine green alder and willow communities) Class: Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis
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