species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. |
Ericaceae » |
Heidelbeere
Blaubeere
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. |
accepted |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
S (Hemiphanerophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
a (Runner) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
a (Runner) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Ritchie, J.C. 1956: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Vaccinium myrtillus L.. Journal of Ecology 44:291-299
|
Lidforss, B. 1907: Wintergrüne Flora. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F. , Afd. 2, Bd. 2, Nr. 13:1-76
|
Warming, E. 1908: The structure and biology of arctic flowering plants I. 1. Ericinae (Ericaceae, Pirolaceae). 1. Morphology and biology. Medd. om Groenl. 36 (1912):1-71
|
Söyrinki, N. 1939: Studien ber die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. Ann. Bot. Soc. "Vanamo" 14:1-404
|
Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
|
Rauh, W. 1937: Beiträge zur Morphologie und Biologie der Holzgewächse. I. Entwicklungsgeschichte und Verzweigungsverhältnisse arktisch-alpiner Spaliersträucher. Nova Acta Leopold. N. F. 5:289-348
|
Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
|
Rauh, W. 1938: Über die Verzweigung ausläuferbildender Sträucher mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Beziehung zu den Stauden. Hercynia 1:187-231
|
|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
4 |
End of flowering (months) |
8 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
5 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
4 (Fagus-Lamiastrum-Phase) Phenological season: start of mid spring |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed) |
Reference |
Ritchie, J.C. 1956: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Vaccinium myrtillus L.. Journal of Ecology 44:291-299 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
a1 (slightly protandrous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
Systematic reference |
genus [G] |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
C+ (± self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Hokanson, K., Hancock, J. 2000: Early-acting inbreeding depression in three species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae). Sexual Plant Reproduction 13:145-150 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Fröborg, H. 1996: Pollination and seed production in five boreal species of Vaccinium and Andromeda (Ericaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 74:1363-1368 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
ID (inbreeding depression) |
Reference |
Hokanson, K., Hancock, J. 2000: Early-acting inbreeding depression in three species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae). Sexual Plant Reproduction 13:145-150 |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
at failure of outcrossing [7] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AF (facultative autogamous) |
Reference |
Ritchie, J.C. 1956: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Vaccinium myrtillus L.. Journal of Ecology 44:291-299 |
P/O ratio » |
P/O ratio |
582.5 |
Reference |
Jacquemart, A.L., Thompson, J.D. 1996: Floral and pollination biology of three sympatric Vaccinium (Ericaceae) species in the Upper Ardennes, Belgium. Canadian Journal of Botany 74:210-221 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
4 (plenty) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
whitish green to reddish green |
Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
0 (unknown) |
UV reflection pattern |
2 (unknown) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
BHb (transition type flowers with totally hidden nectar - bee flowers in a narrow sense) Typical pollinators: bees, toung < 7 mm |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
3.1 (bell shaped flowers with powdery pollen) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Be (berry) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
F (fruit) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
203.0 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
249.2 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
346.0 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.3 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
5.1 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
4.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
5.3 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
4.1 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
5.0 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.7 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
Ritchie, J.C. 1955: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.. Journal of Ecology 43:701-708 (Gattung)
|
Jacquemart, A.L. 1997: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Vaccinium oxycoccos L. (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.) and Vaccinium microcarpum (Turcz. ex Rupr.) Schmalh. (Oxycoccus microcarpus Turcz. ex Rupr.). Journal of Ecology 85:381-396 (Gattung)
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
Vander Kloet, S.P. 1983: The taxonomy of Vaccinium & Oxycoccus. Rhodora 85: (Gattung)
|
|
Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
W (forest edges and related ecotones) |
Guild |
H (woody plant) |
Mowing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to grazing) |
Trampling tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
9 (best forage value) |
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
S1.3.2 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.1.1 (null) Alliance: Luzulo-Fagenion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.2.5 (null) Alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.4.3 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
05.6 (Acidic mat-grass communities) Class: Nardetea strictae
|
English circumscription |
07.3 (Acidophilous forest grassland ecotones) Class: Melampyro-Holcetea mollis
|
English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas) Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
English circumscription |
08.2 (Arctic-alpine wind-exposed heathlands) Class: Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea
|
English circumscription |
08.4 (Heather and gorse heathlands) Class: Calluno-Ulicetea
|
English circumscription |
09.1 (Subalpine-alpine green alder and willow communities) Class: Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis
|
English circumscription |
09.2 (Acidic deciduous bush communities) Class: Franguletea
|
English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
|
English circumscription |
10.3 (Birch-oak forests) Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
|
English circumscription |
10.7 (Snow-heather pine-forests) Class: Erico-Pinetea
|
English circumscription |
10.8 (Boreal-continental coniferous forests with dwarf scrubs) Class: Vaccinio-Piceetea
|
English circumscription |
10.9 (Bog bilberry pine-forests) Class: Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea
|
|
|
|
Display of complete information for the selected species. Only traits available for the selected species are displayed.
|