species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Tragopogon dubius Scop. |
Asteraceae » |
Großer Bocksbart
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Tragopogon dubius Scop. |
accepted |
Tragopogon dubius subsp. major (Jacq.) Vollm. |
Synonym |
Tragopogon major Jacq. |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
6 |
Chromosome number 2n |
12 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
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Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
b (biennial) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
r (Primary storage root) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Root metamorphoses » |
Root metamorphoses |
r (Primary storage root) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
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Gross, K.L. 1981: Predictions of fate from rosette size in four "biennial" plant species: Verbascum thapsus, Oenothera biennis, Daucus carota, and Tragopogon dubius. Oecologia (Berlin) 48:209-213
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Kutschera, L., Lichtenegger, E. 1992: Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Grünlandpflanzen. Bd. 2 Pteridophyta und Dicotyledonae (Magnoliopsida). Teil I Morphologie, Anatomie, Ökologie, Verbreitung, Soziologie, Wirtschaft. Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena, New York
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
7 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
0 (not available) Phenological season: not available |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
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Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
Clements, D.R., Upadhyaya, M.K., Bos, S.J. 1999: The biology of Canadian weeds. 110. Tragopogon dubius Scop., Tragopogon pratensis L., and Tragopogon porrifolius L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79:153-163 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
a1 (slightly protandrous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Cook, L.M., Soltis, P.S. 1999: Mating systems of diploid and allotetraploid populations of Tragopogon (Asteraceae). I. Natural populations. Heredity 82:237-244 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
at failure of outcrossing [7] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Clements, D.R., Upadhyaya, M.K., Bos, S.J. 1999: The biology of Canadian weeds. 110. Tragopogon dubius Scop., Tragopogon pratensis L., and Tragopogon porrifolius L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79:153-163 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AFXF (mixed mating) |
Reference |
Cook, L.M., Soltis, P.S. 2000: Mating systems of diploid and allotetraploid populations of Tragopogon (Asteraceae). II. Artificial populations. Heredity 84:410-415 |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
pale yellow |
Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
5 (40-66 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
1 (UV reflectance pattern present) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
B` (flower associations with totally hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: bees, bumble bees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
7.2b (flower heads, Asteraceae, only ray flowers) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
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Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
Development of additional appendages |
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Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
Development of additional appendages |
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Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
20.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
26.4 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
40.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.5 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.6 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.6 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
10.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
11.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
12.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.5 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.6 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.6 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
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Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
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Matlack, G.R. 1987: Diaspore size, shape, and fall behavior in wind-dispersed plant species. American Journal of Botany 74:1150-1160 (Gattung)
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McDonald, A.W., Bakker, J.P., Vegelin, K. 1996: Seed bank classification and ist importance for the restoration of species-rich flood-meadows. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:157-164 (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
Guild |
K (forb) |
Mowing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
5 (intermediate forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
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Habitat » |
Habitat |
T10.3.1 (null) Alliance: ???
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T6.2.2.2.3 (null) Alliance: Bromion erecti
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
gestört |
Habitat |
T7.5.2.1 (null) Alliance: Convolvulo-Agropyrion repentis
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T8.2.2.2 (null) Alliance: Echio-Melilotion
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Class » |
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
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English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands) Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
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