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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Stachys palustris L. Lamiaceae » Sumpf-Ziest
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Stachys palustris L. accepted
Stachys palustris var. palustris Synonym
Stachys palustris var. segetum (Hagen) Schweigg. Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 16
Chromosome number 2n 64
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 17
Chromosome number 2n 102
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABABBBBBBBBABABAABABDC
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form G (Geophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation ak (Runner with tuberous tip)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs ak (Runner with tuberous tip)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses ak (Runner with tuberous tip)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes r (Erosulate plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Warming, E. 1918: Om Jordudløbere. K. Dansk. Selsk. Vidensk. Skr. , Naturvid. og Mathem. Afd. 8. R. II:295-378
Vöchting, H. 1889: Über eine abnorme Rhizombildung. Bot. Ztg. 47:501-507
Eber, W. 1996: Modularer Bau und klonales Wachstum bei krautigen Pflanzen. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie 25:225-233
Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
Schmucker, T. 1923: Zur Morphologie und Biologie geophiler Pflanzen. Bot. Arch. 4:201-248
Irmisch, T. 1856: Beiträge zur vergleichenden Morphologie der Pflanzen. V. Die Keimung, die Wachstums- und Erneuerungsweise einer Reihe einheimsicher Arten aus der natürlichen Pflanzenfamilie der Labiaten. Abh. Naturforsch. Ges. Halle 3:63-107
Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
Håkansson, S. 1982: Multiplication, growth and persistence of perennial weeds. In: Holzner, W., Numata, N. (Hrsg.) Biology and ecology of weeds, S. 123-135, Junk Publ., The Hague
Glück, H. 1911: Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen über Wasser- und Sumpfgewächse. 3. Aufl., Jena
Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy y (hygromorphic)
Leaf anatomy e (helomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form norm (simple)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 6
End of flowering (months) 9
Duration of flowering (months) 4
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase)
Phenological season: midsummer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction sv (by seed and vegetatively)
Reference Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy a2 (protandrous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference Owens, S.J., Ubera-Jimenez, J.L. 1992: Breeding systems in Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (Hrsg.) Advances in Labiatae Science, S. 257-280, Kew, London
Systematic reference family [F]
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance at failure of outcrossing [7]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system AFXF (mixed mating)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb.
P/O ratio »
P/O ratio 6182.0
Reference Cruden, R.W. 1977: Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants. Evolution 31:32-46
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour purple
Basic flower colour pu (purple)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 2 (8-15 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 2 (8-15 %)
UV reflection pattern 0 (no UV reflectance patterns)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER H (hymenoptere flowers)
Typical pollinators: hymenopteres
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 5.1 (true lip flowers)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type BrF (lomentum)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type TF (mericarp)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type TF (mericarp)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 1.1
Weight (mean) [mg] 1.3
Weight (maximum) [mg] 1.4
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 1.1
Weight (mean) [mg] 1.3
Weight (maximum) [mg] 1.4
Sizes »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.8
Length (mean) [mm] 2.2
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.6
Width (minimum) [mm] 1.4
Width (mean) [mm] 1.6
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.9
Height (minimum) [mm]  
Height (mean) [mm]  
Height (maximum) [mm]  
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.8
Length (mean) [mm] 2.2
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.6
Width (minimum) [mm] 1.4
Width (mean) [mm] 1.6
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.9
Height (minimum) [mm]  
Height (mean) [mm]  
Height (maximum) [mm]  
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
Dunn, A.J. 1997: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Stachys germanica L.. Journal of Ecology 85:531-539 (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Böttner, I., Frey, W., Hensen, I. 1997: Carex humilis-Gesellschaft im unteren Unstruttal (mitteldeutsches Trockengebiet) - Lebensstrategien einer xerothermen Vegetationseinheit. Feddes Repertorium 108:7; 583-8; 602 (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
Stockey, A., Hunt, R. 1994: Predicting secondary succession in wetland mesocosms on the basis of autecological information on seeds and seedlings. Journal of Applied Ecology 31:543-559 (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type c (competitors)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence GE (little used grasslands)
Guild K (forb)
Mowing tolerance 4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to mowing))
Grazing tolerance 2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to grazing))
Trampling tolerance 2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling))
Foraging value 3 (little forage value)
Foraging value for deer  
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 3
Floristic region »
Floristic region c (circumpolar)
Continent of floristic region: c (circumpolar)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Hemeroby c (a-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 3
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat L4.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat L4.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat L4.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat L4.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat L5.2.5.4 (null)
Alliance: Filipendulion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7.3.2 (null)
Alliance: Molinion coeruleae p.p.
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T9.1.1.3 (null)
Alliance: Polygono-Chenopodion polyspermi
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
English circumscription 06.4 (Annual ruderal communities)
Class: Sisymbrietea officinalis
English circumscription 06.6 (Chickweed and other field weed communities)
Class: Stellarietea mediae
English circumscription 07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities)
Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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