species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Polygala vulgaris L. s. l. |
Polygalaceae » |
Gewöhnliches Kreuzblümchen
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Polygala vulgaris L. |
accepted |
Polygala vulgaris 'Sammelart' |
Synonym |
>Polygala vulgaris subsp. collina (Rchb.) Borbás |
accepted |
>Polygala oxyptera var. collina Rchb. |
Basionym |
>Polygala vulgaris subsp. oxyptera (Rchb.) Schübl. & Martens |
accepted |
>Polygala oxyptera Rchb. |
Basionym |
>Polygala oxyptera var. pratensis Rchb. |
Synonym |
>Polygala dunensis Dumort. |
Synonym |
>Polygala vulgaris subsp. vulgaris |
accepted |
>Polygala vulgaris L., s. str. |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
17 |
Chromosome number 2n |
48 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
17 |
Chromosome number 2n |
56 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
17 |
Chromosome number 2n |
68 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
8 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
4 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
5 (Sorbus aucuparia-Galium odoratum-Phase) Phenological season: end of mid spring |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
Lack, A.J., Kay, Q.O.N. 1987: Genetic structure, gene flow and reproductive ecology in sand-dune populations of Polygala vulgaris. Journal of Ecology 75:259-276 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Schuler, T.H., Denholm, I., Jouanin, L., Clark, S.J., Clark, A.J., Poppy, G.M. 2001: Population-scale laboratory studies of the effect of transgenic plants on nontarget insects. Molecular Ecology 10:1845-1853 |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Norderhaug, A. 1995: Mating systems of three meadow plant species. Nordic Journal of Botany 15:243-250 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
C+ (± self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Norderhaug, A. 1995: Mating systems of three meadow plant species. Nordic Journal of Botany 15:243-250 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
ID (inbreeding depression) |
Reference |
Norderhaug, A. 1995: Mating systems of three meadow plant species. Nordic Journal of Botany 15:243-250 |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
at failure of outcrossing [7] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Lack, A.J., Kay, Q.O.N. 1987: Genetic structure, gene flow and reproductive ecology in sand-dune populations of Polygala vulgaris. Journal of Ecology 75:259-276 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AF (facultative autogamous) |
Reference |
Lack, A.J., Kay, Q.O.N. 1987: Genetic structure, gene flow and reproductive ecology in sand-dune populations of Polygala vulgaris. Journal of Ecology 75:259-276 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
blue, rarely purple or white |
Basic flower colour |
b (blue) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
B (flowers with totally hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
6.2 (non Fabaceae flag blossom) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
always [1] |
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.7 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.7 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.7 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.7 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
Bresinsky, A. 1963: Bau, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Inhaltsstoffe der Elaiosomen. Studien zur myrmekochoren Verbreitung von Samen und Früchten. Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 126. (Gattung)
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
Müller, P. 1955: Verbreitungsbiologie (Diasporologie) der Blütenpflanzen. Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes Rübel Zürich . Verlag Hans Huber, Bern. (Gattung)
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|
Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
Guild |
K (forb) |
Mowing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
|
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
T6.2.2.2.3 (null) Alliance: Bromion erecti
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T7.1.2 (null) Alliance: Arrhenatherion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T7.3 (null) Alliance: Monilietalia coeruleae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
|
English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
English circumscription |
05.6 (Acidic mat-grass communities) Class: Nardetea strictae
|
English circumscription |
08.4 (Heather and gorse heathlands) Class: Calluno-Ulicetea
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