species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Paris quadrifolia L. |
Trilliaceae » |
Vierblättrige Einbeere
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Paris quadrifolia L. |
accepted |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
10 |
Chromosome number 2n |
20 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
G (Geophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
ar (Runner-like rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
ar (Runner-like rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
ar (Runner-like rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
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Perttula, U. 1941: Untersuchungen über die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Blütenpflanzen in der Wald-Hainwiesen- und Hainfelsen-Vegetation. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennici, Ser. A, 58:1-388
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Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
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Schwartz, M. 1923: Über Regeneration und Verzweigung der Rhizome einiger Asparagoideen, insbesondere von Paris quadrifolia. Bot. Arch. 4:154-180
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Mätsevainio, K. 1931: Untersuchungen ber das Wurzelsystem der Moorpflanzen. Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. -Bot. Fenn. Vanamo 1:1-418
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Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
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Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
6 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
4 (Fagus-Lamiastrum-Phase) Phenological season: start of mid spring |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed) |
Reference |
Daumann, E. 1959: Zur Blütenökologie der Einbeere Paris quadrifolia L.. Preslia (Praha) 31:277-283 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g2 (protogynous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
possible [5] |
Reference |
Daumann, E. 1959: Zur Blütenökologie der Einbeere Paris quadrifolia L.. Preslia (Praha) 31:277-283 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Daumann, E. 1959: Zur Blütenökologie der Einbeere Paris quadrifolia L.. Preslia (Praha) 31:277-283 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Daumann, E. 1959: Zur Blütenökologie der Einbeere Paris quadrifolia L.. Preslia (Praha) 31:277-283 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AFXF (mixed mating) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Daumann, E. 1959: Zur Blütenökologie der Einbeere Paris quadrifolia L.. Preslia (Praha) 31:277-283 |
Amount of floral reward |
1 (none) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
yellow green |
Basic flower colour |
gr (green) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
Dt (deceptive flowers) Typical pollinators: flies |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
1.1 (pollen flower) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Be (berry) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
F (fruit) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
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Weights » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
2.4 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
4.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
5.4 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.1 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.4 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.5 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
L5.2.3 (null) Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
S3.2.5 (null) Alliance: Alnion glutinosae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.1 (null) Alliance: Fagion sylvaticae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
feucht |
Habitat |
T1.1.2.3 (null) Alliance: Carpinion betuli
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Class » |
English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
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English circumscription |
10.1 (Alder marsh woodlands) Class: Alnetea glutinosae
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English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
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