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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Oenothera biennis L. s. str. Onagraceae » Gewöhnliche Nachtkerze
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Oenothera biennis L. accepted
<Oenothera biennis L., s. l. accepted
<Oenothera chicaginensis de Vries ex Renner & Cleland Synonym
<Oenothera grandiflora , auct., non L'Hér. Synonym
<Oenothera biennis var. sulphurea De Vries ex Klebahn Synonym
<Oenothera biennis subsp. muricata (L.) Berher Synonym
<Oenothera x schnedleri Rostanski, nom. inval. Synonym
<Oenothera muricata L. Synonym
<Oenothera suaveolens Desf., nom. inval. (nom. nud.) Synonym
<Oenothera biennis var. pycnocarpa (Atk. & Bartlett) Wiegand Synonym
<Onagra europaea Spach, nom. illeg. Synonym
<Oenothera editicaulis Hudziok, nom. inval. (sine typus) Synonym
<Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. Synonym
<Oenothera graveolens Gilib., nom. inval. Synonym
<Onagra vulgaris Spach, nom. illeg. Synonym
<Oenothera biennis var. vulgaris Torr. & A. Gray Synonym
<Brunyera biennis (L.) Bubani Synonym
<Onagra muricata (L.) Moench Synonym
<Oenothera biennis var. muricata (L.) Torr. & A. Gray Synonym
<Oenothera parviflora var. muricata (L.) Farw. Synonym
<Oenothera biennis f. muricata (L.) B. Boivin Synonym
<Oenothera biennis subsp. suaveolens (Pers.) Rouy & Camus Synonym
<Oenothera communis f. suaveolens (Pers.) H. Lév. Synonym
<Oenothera biennis subsp. grandiflora Stomps, nom. illeg. Synonym
<Oenothera muricata var. latifolia Asch. Synonym
<Oenothera sackvillensis var. royfraseri (Gates) Gates Synonym
<Oenothera jueterbogensis var. macrosperma Hudziok, nom. inval. (sine typus) Synonym
<Oenothera biennis var. angustifolia Renner, nom. inval. (sine descr.) Synonym
<Oenothera nissensis Rostanski Synonym
<Oenothera biennis var. leptomeres Bartlett Synonym
<Oenothera biennis subsp. rubricaulis (Kleb.) Stomps Synonym
<Oenothera biennis subsp. chicaginensis (Vries ex Renn. & Clel.) Å. Löve & D. Löve Synonym
<Oenothera biennis - Gruppe Synonym
<Oenothera biennis 'Sammelart' Synonym
<Oenothera biennis var. biennis Synonym
<Oenothera chicaginensis var. parviflora Renner Synonym
<Oenothera chicaginensis var. chicaginensis Synonym
<Oenothera jueterbogensis Hudziok, nom. inval. (sine typus) Synonym
<Oenothera nissensis var. fiedleri Gutte & Rostanski Synonym
<Oenothera rubricaulis var. longistylis Gutte & Rostanski Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 1 (Europe)
Reference Tutin, T.G., et al. 1964: Flora Europaea. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 14
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type D (diploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Rothmaler, W. 1990: Exkursionsflora. Band 4, Kritischer Band. 8. Aufl., Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABBABABAAAAAB
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span b (biennial)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs r (Primary storage root)
Qualifier always [1]
Root metamorphoses »
Root metamorphoses r (Primary storage root)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes h (Hemirosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Hall, I.V., Steiner, E., Threadgill, P., Jones, R.W. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:163-173
Gross, K.L. 1981: Predictions of fate from rosette size in four "biennial" plant species: Verbascum thapsus, Oenothera biennis, Daucus carota, and Tragopogon dubius. Oecologia (Berlin) 48:209-213
Rauh, W. 1937: Die Bildung von Hypokotyl- und Wurzelsprossen und ihre Bedeutung für die Wuchsformen der Pflanzen. Nova Acta Leopold. N. F. 4:395-553
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence i (persistent green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy s (scleromorphic)
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form lang (long-leaf)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 6
End of flowering (months) 8
Duration of flowering (months) 3
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase)
Phenological season: midsummer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction s (by seed/by spore)
Reference Hall, I.V., Steiner, E., Threadgill, P., Jones, R.W. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:163-173
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Hall, I.V., Steiner, E., Threadgill, P., Jones, R.W. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:163-173
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy a2 (protandrous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference Dietrich, W., Wagner, W.L., Raven, P.H. 1997: Systematics of Oenothera section Oenothera subsection Oenothera (Onagraceae). Systematic Botany Monographs Vol. 50. The American Society of Plant Taxonomists,
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Hall, I.V., Steiner, E., Threadgill, P., Jones, R.W. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:163-173
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance rare [4]
Reference Dietrich, W. 1998: Oenothera - I. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 330-334, Ulmer, Stuttgart
Systematic reference genus [G]
Breeding system »
Breeding system AO (autogamous)
Reference Hall, I.V., Steiner, E., Threadgill, P., Jones, R.W. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:163-173
P/O ratio »
P/O ratio 28.5
Reference Cruden, R.W., Jensen, K.G. 1979: Viscin threads, pollination efficiency and low pollen-ovule ratios. American Journal of Botany 66:875-879
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour yellow
Basic flower colour g (yellow)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 5 (40-66 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 1 (UV reflectance pattern present)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER FnH (transition type moth flowers - bee flowers)
Typical pollinators: moths, hymenoptera
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 4.2 (stalk disc flowers, stamina and pistil outside tube)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Ka (capsule)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type S (seed)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type S (seed)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages sometimes [2]
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.3
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.4
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.5
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.3
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.4
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.5
Sizes »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.3
Length (mean) [mm] 1.7
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.1
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Width (mean) [mm] 1.2
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.8
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Height (mean) [mm] 1.2
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.5
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.3
Length (mean) [mm] 1.7
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.1
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Width (mean) [mm] 1.2
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.8
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Height (mean) [mm] 1.2
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.5
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type cr (competitors/ruderals)
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 2
Oceanity »
Oceanity os (weak oceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region c (circumpolar)
Continent of floristic region: c (circumpolar)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 0
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity  
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat L4.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.3.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.3.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.3.4.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.4.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T8.2.2.2 (null)
Alliance: Echio-Melilotion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T8.3.1 (null)
Alliance: Sisymbrion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T9.1.8 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 05.2 (Pioneer communities of hair-grasses)
Class: Koelerio-Corynephoretea
English circumscription 06.4 (Annual ruderal communities)
Class: Sisymbrietea officinalis
English circumscription 06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands)
Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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