species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Oenothera biennis L. s. str. |
Onagraceae » |
Gewöhnliche Nachtkerze
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Oenothera biennis L. |
accepted |
<Oenothera biennis L., s. l. |
accepted |
<Oenothera chicaginensis de Vries ex Renner & Cleland |
Synonym |
<Oenothera grandiflora , auct., non L'Hér. |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis var. sulphurea De Vries ex Klebahn |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis subsp. muricata (L.) Berher |
Synonym |
<Oenothera x schnedleri Rostanski, nom. inval. |
Synonym |
<Oenothera muricata L. |
Synonym |
<Oenothera suaveolens Desf., nom. inval. (nom. nud.) |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis var. pycnocarpa (Atk. & Bartlett) Wiegand |
Synonym |
<Onagra europaea Spach, nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
<Oenothera editicaulis Hudziok, nom. inval. (sine typus) |
Synonym |
<Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. |
Synonym |
<Oenothera graveolens Gilib., nom. inval. |
Synonym |
<Onagra vulgaris Spach, nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis var. vulgaris Torr. & A. Gray |
Synonym |
<Brunyera biennis (L.) Bubani |
Synonym |
<Onagra muricata (L.) Moench |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis var. muricata (L.) Torr. & A. Gray |
Synonym |
<Oenothera parviflora var. muricata (L.) Farw. |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis f. muricata (L.) B. Boivin |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis subsp. suaveolens (Pers.) Rouy & Camus |
Synonym |
<Oenothera communis f. suaveolens (Pers.) H. Lév. |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis subsp. grandiflora Stomps, nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
<Oenothera muricata var. latifolia Asch. |
Synonym |
<Oenothera sackvillensis var. royfraseri (Gates) Gates |
Synonym |
<Oenothera jueterbogensis var. macrosperma Hudziok, nom. inval. (sine typus) |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis var. angustifolia Renner, nom. inval. (sine descr.) |
Synonym |
<Oenothera nissensis Rostanski |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis var. leptomeres Bartlett |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis subsp. rubricaulis (Kleb.) Stomps |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis subsp. chicaginensis (Vries ex Renn. & Clel.) Å. Löve & D. Löve |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis - Gruppe |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis 'Sammelart' |
Synonym |
<Oenothera biennis var. biennis |
Synonym |
<Oenothera chicaginensis var. parviflora Renner |
Synonym |
<Oenothera chicaginensis var. chicaginensis |
Synonym |
<Oenothera jueterbogensis Hudziok, nom. inval. (sine typus) |
Synonym |
<Oenothera nissensis var. fiedleri Gutte & Rostanski |
Synonym |
<Oenothera rubricaulis var. longistylis Gutte & Rostanski |
Synonym |
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Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
14 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Rothmaler, W. 1990: Exkursionsflora. Band 4, Kritischer Band. 8. Aufl., Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
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Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
b (biennial) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
r (Primary storage root) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Root metamorphoses » |
Root metamorphoses |
r (Primary storage root) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Hall, I.V., Steiner, E., Threadgill, P., Jones, R.W. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:163-173
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Gross, K.L. 1981: Predictions of fate from rosette size in four "biennial" plant species: Verbascum thapsus, Oenothera biennis, Daucus carota, and Tragopogon dubius. Oecologia (Berlin) 48:209-213
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Rauh, W. 1937: Die Bildung von Hypokotyl- und Wurzelsprossen und ihre Bedeutung für die Wuchsformen der Pflanzen. Nova Acta Leopold. N. F. 4:395-553
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
8 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase) Phenological season: midsummer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
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Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
Hall, I.V., Steiner, E., Threadgill, P., Jones, R.W. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:163-173 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Hall, I.V., Steiner, E., Threadgill, P., Jones, R.W. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:163-173 |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Dietrich, W., Wagner, W.L., Raven, P.H. 1997: Systematics of Oenothera section Oenothera subsection Oenothera (Onagraceae). Systematic Botany Monographs Vol. 50. The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Hall, I.V., Steiner, E., Threadgill, P., Jones, R.W. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:163-173 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Dietrich, W. 1998: Oenothera - I. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 330-334, Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Systematic reference |
genus [G] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AO (autogamous) |
Reference |
Hall, I.V., Steiner, E., Threadgill, P., Jones, R.W. 1988: The biology of Canadian weeds. 84. Oenothera biennis L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68:163-173 |
P/O ratio » |
P/O ratio |
28.5 |
Reference |
Cruden, R.W., Jensen, K.G. 1979: Viscin threads, pollination efficiency and low pollen-ovule ratios. American Journal of Botany 66:875-879 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
yellow |
Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
5 (40-66 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
1 (UV reflectance pattern present) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
FnH (transition type moth flowers - bee flowers) Typical pollinators: moths, hymenoptera |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
4.2 (stalk disc flowers, stamina and pistil outside tube) |
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Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
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Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.3 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.4 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.5 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.3 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.4 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.5 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.7 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.1 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.7 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.1 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
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Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
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Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
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Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
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Habitat » |
Habitat |
L4.2 (null) Alliance: ???
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T10.3.1 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T10.3.2 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T10.3.4.2 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T10.4.5 (null) Alliance: ???
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T8.2.2.2 (null) Alliance: Echio-Melilotion
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T8.3.1 (null) Alliance: Sisymbrion
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T9.1.8 (null) Alliance: ???
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Class » |
English circumscription |
05.2 (Pioneer communities of hair-grasses) Class: Koelerio-Corynephoretea
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English circumscription |
06.4 (Annual ruderal communities) Class: Sisymbrietea officinalis
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English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands) Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
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