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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Hieracium pilosella L. Asteraceae » Mausohr-Habichtskraut
Kleines Habichtskraut
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Hieracium pilosella L. accepted
Pilosella officinarum F. W. Schultz & C. H. Schultz Synonym
<Hieracium subg. Pilosella accepted
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 9
Chromosome number 2n 54
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Bräutigam, S. 1998: Briefliche Mitteilung
Basic chromosome number 9
Chromosome number 2n 36
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 4 (tetraploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Bräutigam, S. 1998: Briefliche Mitteilung
Basic chromosome number 9
Chromosome number 2n 45
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 5 (pentaploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Bräutigam, S. 1998: Briefliche Mitteilung
Basic chromosome number 9
Chromosome number 2n 63
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type  
Reference Bräutigam, S. 1998: Briefliche Mitteilung
Basic chromosome number 9
Chromosome number 2n 27
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type  
Reference Bräutigam, S. 1998: Briefliche Mitteilung
Basic chromosome number 9
Chromosome number 2n 18
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type  
Reference Bräutigam, S. 1998: Briefliche Mitteilung
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 8.5
Chromosome number 36
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345
DNA content (pg/2C) 6.3
Chromosome number 36
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 False
Reference Bennett, M.D., Bhandol, P., Leitch, I.J. 2000: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms and their modern uses - 807 new estimates. Annals of Botany 86:859-909
DNA content (pg/2C) 7.3
Chromosome number 36
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 False
Reference Bennett, M.D., Bhandol, P., Leitch, I.J. 2000: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms and their modern uses - 807 new estimates. Annals of Botany 86:859-909
DNA content (pg/2C) 7.9
Chromosome number 36
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 False
Reference Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABABBABBABBABBABDD
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes g (Rosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Bishop, G.F., Davy, A.J. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hieracium pilosella L. (Pilosella officinarum F.Schultz & Schultz-Bip.). Journal of Ecology 82:195-210
Lidforss, B. 1907: Wintergrüne Flora. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F. , Afd. 2, Bd. 2, Nr. 13:1-76
Hensen, I. 1997: Life strategies of xerothermic grasslands - mechanisms of reproduction and colonization within Stipetum capillatae s.l. and Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. Feddes Repertorium 108:425-452
Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
Hensen, I., Kentrup, M. 1998: Teucrio botryos-Melicetum ciliatae (Traubegamander-Wimpergrasflur) - Lebensstrategien in einer xerothemen Fels-Pioniergesellschaft. Tuexenia 18:217-236
Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
Wareing, P.F. 1964: The developmental physiology of rhizomatous and creeping plants. Seventh Brit. Weed Contr. Conf. 1:1020-1030
Kutschera, L., Lichtenegger, E. 1992: Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Grünlandpflanzen. Bd. 2 Pteridophyta und Dicotyledonae (Magnoliopsida). Teil I Morphologie, Anatomie, Ökologie, Verbreitung, Soziologie, Wirtschaft. Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena, New York
Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
Jäger, E.J. 1957: Über Wuchsform, Wuchsrhythmus und Verbreitung einheimischer Wiesenasteraceen. Dipl.-Arb. Univ. Halle.
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence i (persistent green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form norm (simple)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 5
End of flowering (months) 10
Duration of flowering (months) 6
Number of flowering phases 2
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase)
Phenological season: start of early summer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction sv (by seed and vegetatively)
Reference Bishop, G.F., Davy, A.J. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hieracium pilosella L. (Pilosella officinarum F.Schultz & Schultz-Bip.). Journal of Ecology 82:195-210
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production f (facultativ apomictic)
Reference Gottschlich, G. 1996: Hieracium L. 1753. In: Sebald, O., Seybold, S., Philippi, G., Wörz, A. (Hrsg.) Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs, Vol. 6, S. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart
Type of apomixis »
Type of apomixis a (autonomous)
Reference Nygren, A. 1967: Apomixis in the angiosperms. In: Ruhland, W. (Hrsg.) Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie, 18, S. 551-596, Springer, Berlin
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Bishop, G.F., Davy, A.J. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hieracium pilosella L. (Pilosella officinarum F.Schultz & Schultz-Bip.). Journal of Ecology 82:195-210
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy a2 (protandrous)
Reference Bishop, G.F., Davy, A.J. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hieracium pilosella L. (Pilosella officinarum F.Schultz & Schultz-Bip.). Journal of Ecology 82:195-210
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SI (self-incompatibel)
Reference Gadella, T.W.J. 1987: Sexual tetraploid and apomictic pentaploid populations of Hieracium pilosella (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 157:219-245
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism SSI (sporophytic self-incompatibility)
Reference de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance possible [5]
Reference Bishop, G.F., Davy, A.J. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hieracium pilosella L. (Pilosella officinarum F.Schultz & Schultz-Bip.). Journal of Ecology 82:195-210
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Bishop, G.F., Davy, A.J. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hieracium pilosella L. (Pilosella officinarum F.Schultz & Schultz-Bip.). Journal of Ecology 82:195-210
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI
Flower color »
Flower colour sulfur yellow
Basic flower colour g (yellow)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 0 (no UV reflectance patterns)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER B` (flower associations with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumble bees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 7.2b (flower heads, Asteraceae, only ray flowers)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Nu (nut)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type F (fruit)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages always [1]
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.1
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.1
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.2
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.1
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.2
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.2
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.1
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.2
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.2
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.0
Length (mean) [mm] 1.9
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.5
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.3
Width (mean) [mm] 0.4
Width (maximum) [mm] 0.5
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.3
Height (mean) [mm] 0.4
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.5
special references:
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Hensen, I., Müller, C. 1997: Experimental and structural investigations of anemochorous dispersal. Plant Ecology 133:169-180 (Gattung)
Bishop, G.F., Davy, A.J. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hieracium pilosella L. (Pilosella officinarum F.Schultz & Schultz-Bip.). Journal of Ecology 82:195-210 (Gattung)
Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L., Bekker, R.M. 1996: Soil seed bank composition along a gradient from dry alvar grassland to Juniperus shrubland. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:165-176 (Gattung)
Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L. 1997: The soil seed bank of undisturbed and disturbed dry limestone grassland on Öland (Sweden). Z. Ökologie Nat. sch. 6:9-18 (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Böttner, I., Frey, W., Hensen, I. 1997: Carex humilis-Gesellschaft im unteren Unstruttal (mitteldeutsches Trockengebiet) - Lebensstrategien einer xerothermen Vegetationseinheit. Feddes Repertorium 108:7; 583-8; 602 (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Frey, W., Hauser, A. 1996: Onopordetum acanthii (Eselsdistel-Gesellschaft) im mittleren und unteren Unstruttal - Lebensstrategien in einer wärmeliebenden Ruderalgesellschaft. Hausknechtia, Beiheft 6:1-84 (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
Urbanska, K.M., Schütz, M. 1986: Reproduction by seed in alpine plants and revegetation research above timberline. Botanica Helvetica 96:43-60 (Gattung)
Vogler, P. 1901: Ueber die Verbreitungsmittel der schweizerischen Alpenpflanzen. Flora 89 (Ergänzungsband zum Jg.1901):1-137 (Gattung)
Hensen, I., Kentrup, M. 1998: Teucrio botryos-Melicetum ciliatae (Traubegamander-Wimpergrasflur) - Lebensstrategien in einer xerothemen Fels-Pioniergesellschaft. Tuexenia 18:217-236 (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type csr (competitors/stress-tolerators/ruderals)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence GE (little used grasslands)
Guild K (forb)
Mowing tolerance 4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to mowing))
Grazing tolerance 7 (well tolerant to grazing)
Trampling tolerance 7 (tolerant to trampling)
Foraging value 3 (little forage value)
Foraging value for deer  
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 3
Oceanity »
Oceanity os (weak oceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby o (oligohemerobic)
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 3
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat T10.3.3.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.5.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.5.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T4 (Dwarf scrub communities below alpine areas)
Alliance: (Calluno-)Ulicetalia
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T6.2 (null)
Alliance: Festuco-Brometea
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T6.2.1.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 05.2 (Pioneer communities of hair-grasses)
Class: Koelerio-Corynephoretea
English circumscription 05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
English circumscription 05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
English circumscription 05.6 (Acidic mat-grass communities)
Class: Nardetea strictae
English circumscription 08.4 (Heather and gorse heathlands)
Class: Calluno-Ulicetea
English circumscription 10.6 (Pine steppe-forests)
Class: Pulsatillo-Pinetea sylvestris
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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