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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner Gentianaceae » Deutscher Fransenenzian
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner accepted
Gentiana germanica Willd. Basionym
Gentianella germanica subsp. semleri (Vollm.) Holub Synonym
Gentiana germanica subsp. semleri Vollm. Synonym
Gentianella germanica subsp. solstitialis (Wettst.) Jovet & R. Vilm. Synonym
Gentiana germanica subsp. solstitialis (Wettst.) Vollm. Synonym
Gentiana rhaetica A. Kern. & J. Kern. Synonym
Gentiana solstitialis Wettst. Synonym
Gentiana kerneri Dörfl. & Wettst. Synonym
<Gentianella germanica agg. accepted
<Gentiana germanica agg. Synonym
<Gentianella germanica - group Synonym
>Gentianella germanica subsp. saxonica W. Hempel accepted
>Gentianella germanica subsp. germanica accepted
>Gentiana germanica subsp. germanica Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 1 (Europe)
Reference Tutin, T.G., et al. 1964: Flora Europaea. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 9
Chromosome number 2n 36
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 4 (tetraploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABABBBABBBBBBBCAA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span b (biennial)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes h (Hemirosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Wagner, J., Mitterhofer, E. 1998: Phenology, seed development, and reproductive success of an alpine population of Gentianella germanica in climatically varying years. Botanica Acta 111:159-166
Zopfi, H.J. 1991: Aestival and autumnal vicariads of Gentianella (Gentianaceae): a myth?. Plant Systematics and Evolution 174:139-158
Verkaar, H.J., Schenkeveld, A.D. 1984: On the ecology of short-lived forbs in chalk grasslands: life history characteristics. New Phytologist 98:659-672
Klinkhamer, P.G.L., de Jong, T.J., van der Meijden, E. 1985: Over "eenjarige" en "tweejarige" planten. Gorteria 12:143-150
Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form norm (simple)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 6
End of flowering (months) 10
Duration of flowering (months) 5
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 9 (Hedera-Solidago-Phase)
Phenological season: early autumn
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction s (by seed/by spore)
Reference Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Fischer, M., Matthies, D. 1997: Mating structure and inbreeding and outbreeding depression in the rare plant Gentianella germanica (Gentianaceae). American Journal of Botany 84:1685-1692
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy a2 (protandrous)
Reference Werth, E. 1940: Über einige blütenbiologische Untersuchungen in den Alpen. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 58:527-546
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference Fischer, M., Matthies, D. 1997: Mating structure and inbreeding and outbreeding depression in the rare plant Gentianella germanica (Gentianaceae). American Journal of Botany 84:1685-1692
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance at failure of outcrossing [7]
Reference Luijten, S.H., Oostermeijer, J.G.B., Ellis-Adam, A.C., den Nijs, J.C.M. 1998: Reproductive biology of the rare biennial Gentianella germanica compared with other gentians of different life history. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 47:325-336
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Luijten, S.H., Oostermeijer, J.G.B., Ellis-Adam, A.C., den Nijs, J.C.M. 1998: Reproductive biology of the rare biennial Gentianella germanica compared with other gentians of different life history. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 47:325-336
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system AFXF (mixed mating)
Reference Fischer, M., Matthies, D. 1997: Mating structure and inbreeding and outbreeding depression in the rare plant Gentianella germanica (Gentianaceae). American Journal of Botany 84:1685-1692
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour violet, rarely whitish or yellowish
Basic flower colour vi (violet)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 0 (no UV reflectance patterns)
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 2 (8-15 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 1 (UV reflectance pattern present)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER HhF (transition type bumble bee flowers - butterfly flowers)
Typical pollinators: bumblebees, lepidoptera
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 2.1 (funnel flowers, large)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Ka (capsule)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type S (seed)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type S (seed)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]  
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.1
Weight (maximum) [mg]  
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]  
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.1
Weight (maximum) [mg]  
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Length (mean) [mm] 0.6
Length (maximum) [mm] 0.7
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Width (mean) [mm] 0.6
Width (maximum) [mm] 0.7
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.3
Height (mean) [mm] 0.5
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.7
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Length (mean) [mm] 0.6
Length (maximum) [mm] 0.7
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Width (mean) [mm] 0.6
Width (maximum) [mm] 0.7
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.3
Height (mean) [mm] 0.5
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.7
special references:
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Vogler, P. 1901: Ueber die Verbreitungsmittel der schweizerischen Alpenpflanzen. Flora 89 (Ergänzungsband zum Jg.1901):1-137 (Gattung)
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type csr (competitors/stress-tolerators/ruderals)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence GE (little used grasslands)
Guild K (forb)
Mowing tolerance 3 (sensitive to mowing)
Grazing tolerance 4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing))
Trampling tolerance 3 (sensitive to trampling)
Foraging value 3 (little forage value)
Foraging value for deer  
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 2
Oceanity »
Oceanity so (suboceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 3
Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby o (oligohemerobic)
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 2
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 1 (urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat T3.4.2.1 (null)
Alliance: Seslerion variae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T6.2.1.5 (null)
Alliance: Nardetalia strictae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation montan
Habitat T6.2.2.2.3 (null)
Alliance: Bromion erecti
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
English circumscription 05.7 (Alpine moor-grass communities)
Class: Seslerietea albicantis
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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