species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner |
Gentianaceae » |
Deutscher Fransenenzian
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner |
accepted |
Gentiana germanica Willd. |
Basionym |
Gentianella germanica subsp. semleri (Vollm.) Holub |
Synonym |
Gentiana germanica subsp. semleri Vollm. |
Synonym |
Gentianella germanica subsp. solstitialis (Wettst.) Jovet & R. Vilm. |
Synonym |
Gentiana germanica subsp. solstitialis (Wettst.) Vollm. |
Synonym |
Gentiana rhaetica A. Kern. & J. Kern. |
Synonym |
Gentiana solstitialis Wettst. |
Synonym |
Gentiana kerneri Dörfl. & Wettst. |
Synonym |
<Gentianella germanica agg. |
accepted |
<Gentiana germanica agg. |
Synonym |
<Gentianella germanica - group |
Synonym |
>Gentianella germanica subsp. saxonica W. Hempel |
accepted |
>Gentianella germanica subsp. germanica |
accepted |
>Gentiana germanica subsp. germanica |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
9 |
Chromosome number 2n |
36 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
b (biennial) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Wagner, J., Mitterhofer, E. 1998: Phenology, seed development, and reproductive success of an alpine population of Gentianella germanica in climatically varying years. Botanica Acta 111:159-166
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Zopfi, H.J. 1991: Aestival and autumnal vicariads of Gentianella (Gentianaceae): a myth?. Plant Systematics and Evolution 174:139-158
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Verkaar, H.J., Schenkeveld, A.D. 1984: On the ecology of short-lived forbs in chalk grasslands: life history characteristics. New Phytologist 98:659-672
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Klinkhamer, P.G.L., de Jong, T.J., van der Meijden, E. 1985: Over "eenjarige" en "tweejarige" planten. Gorteria 12:143-150
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Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
10 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
5 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
9 (Hedera-Solidago-Phase) Phenological season: early autumn |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Fischer, M., Matthies, D. 1997: Mating structure and inbreeding and outbreeding depression in the rare plant Gentianella germanica (Gentianaceae). American Journal of Botany 84:1685-1692 |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
Reference |
Werth, E. 1940: Über einige blütenbiologische Untersuchungen in den Alpen. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 58:527-546 |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Fischer, M., Matthies, D. 1997: Mating structure and inbreeding and outbreeding depression in the rare plant Gentianella germanica (Gentianaceae). American Journal of Botany 84:1685-1692 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
at failure of outcrossing [7] |
Reference |
Luijten, S.H., Oostermeijer, J.G.B., Ellis-Adam, A.C., den Nijs, J.C.M. 1998: Reproductive biology of the rare biennial Gentianella germanica compared with other gentians of different life history. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 47:325-336 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Luijten, S.H., Oostermeijer, J.G.B., Ellis-Adam, A.C., den Nijs, J.C.M. 1998: Reproductive biology of the rare biennial Gentianella germanica compared with other gentians of different life history. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 47:325-336 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AFXF (mixed mating) |
Reference |
Fischer, M., Matthies, D. 1997: Mating structure and inbreeding and outbreeding depression in the rare plant Gentianella germanica (Gentianaceae). American Journal of Botany 84:1685-1692 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
violet, rarely whitish or yellowish |
Basic flower colour |
vi (violet) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
1 (UV reflectance pattern present) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
HhF (transition type bumble bee flowers - butterfly flowers) Typical pollinators: bumblebees, lepidoptera |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
2.1 (funnel flowers, large) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.1 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.1 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
0.6 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
0.7 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.3 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.7 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
0.6 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
0.7 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.3 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.7 |
special references:
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Vogler, P. 1901: Ueber die Verbreitungsmittel der schweizerischen Alpenpflanzen. Flora 89 (Ergänzungsband zum Jg.1901):1-137 (Gattung)
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Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
Guild |
K (forb) |
Mowing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to mowing) |
Grazing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
3 (sensitive to trampling) |
Foraging value |
3 (little forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
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|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
T3.4.2.1 (null) Alliance: Seslerion variae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T6.2.1.5 (null) Alliance: Nardetalia strictae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
montan |
Habitat |
T6.2.2.2.3 (null) Alliance: Bromion erecti
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
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Class » |
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
|
English circumscription |
05.7 (Alpine moor-grass communities) Class: Seslerietea albicantis
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