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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Festuca rubra L. Poaceae » Gewöhnlicher Rot-Schwingel
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Festuca rubra L. accepted
Festuca barbata Schrank, non L. 1753, nom. illeg. Synonym
Festuca ovina var. rubra Sm. Synonym
Festuca ovina subsp. rubra (L.) Hook. f. Synonym
<Festuca rubra agg. accepted
<Festuca rubra - Gruppe Synonym
<Festuca rubra 'Sammelart' Synonym
>Festuca rubra subsp. arenaria (Osbeck) Aresch. accepted
>Festuca rubra var. lanuginosa Mert. & W. D. J. Koch Synonym
>Festuca villosa Schweigg. Synonym
>Festuca arenaria Osbeck Basionym
>Festuca rubra var. arenaria (Osbeck) Fr. Synonym
>Festuca rubra subsp. juncea (Hack.) K. Richt. accepted
>Festuca rubra subvar. juncea Hack. Basionym
>Festuca steineri Patzke Synonym
>Festuca unifaria Dumort. Synonym
>Festuca rubra subsp. litoralis (G. Mey.) Auquier accepted
>Festuca helgolandica , sensu Patzke Synonym
>Festuca rubra var. litoralis G. Mey. Basionym
>Festuca salina Natho & Stohr Synonym
>Festuca rubra subsp. rubra accepted
>Festuca rubra var. genuina Hack. Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 42
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 56
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 8 (octoploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 70
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type  
Reference Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 47
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type  
Reference Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 28
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type  
Reference Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 9.5
Chromosome number 42
Quality chromosome number missing in original source; the most common number was added [f]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.P., Heslop-Harrison, J.S. 1982: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Proceedings of the Royal Society London. Series B 216:179-199
DNA content (pg/2C) 13.9
Chromosome number 42
Quality chromosome number missing in original source; the most common number was added [f]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 False
Reference Grime, J.P., Shacklock, J.M.L., Band, S.R. 1985: Nuclear DNA contents, shoot phenology and species co-existence in a limestone grassland community. New Phytologist 100:435-445
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBABBBBAAABBAAAAABABBBBBBAAA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs h (Tuft)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes h (Hemirosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Gelting, P. 1934: Studies on the vascular plants of East Greenland between Franz Joseph Fjord and Dove Bay (Lat. 73o15'-76o20'N). Medd. om Groenl. 101:1-337
Perttula, U. 1941: Untersuchungen über die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Blütenpflanzen in der Wald-Hainwiesen- und Hainfelsen-Vegetation. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennici, Ser. A, 58:1-388
Golubev, V.N. 1957: Materialy k ekologo-morfologiceskoj i geneticeskoj charakteristikje zhizjennych form travjanistych rastenij. Botaniceskij Zhurnal 42:1055-1072
Gimingham, C.H. 1951: The use of life form and growth form in the analysis of community structure, as illustrated by a comparison of two dune communities. Journal of Ecology 39:396-406
Beetle, A.A. 1980: Vivipary, proliferation and phyllody in grasses. J. Range Managem. 33:256-261
Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
Mätsevainio, K. 1931: Untersuchungen ber das Wurzelsystem der Moorpflanzen. Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. -Bot. Fenn. Vanamo 1:1-418
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence i (persistent green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form gras (grass-like)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 6
End of flowering (months) 7
Duration of flowering (months) 2
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase)
Phenological season: start of early summer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction sv (by seed and vegetatively)
Reference Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Auquier, P. 1977: Biologie de la reproduction dans le genre Festuca L. (Poaceae). 1. Système de pollination. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 110:129-150
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Connor, H.E. 1979: Breeding system in the grasses: a survey. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17:547-574
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility I+ (± self-incompatibel)
Reference East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518
Systematic reference species [S]
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SI (self-incompatibel)
Reference Weimarck, A. 1968: Self-incompatibility in the Gramineae. Hereditas 60:157-166
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility)
Reference de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector wi (wind)
Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Anmerkung 2002: pers. obs.
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER W (wind flowers)
Typical pollinators: -
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 0 (not applicable)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Nu (nut)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type F (fruit)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages always [1]
Development of additional appendages always [1]
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]  
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.8
Weight (maximum) [mg]  
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 1.0
Weight (mean) [mg] 1.3
Weight (maximum) [mg] 1.5
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 1.0
Weight (mean) [mg] 1.3
Weight (maximum) [mg] 1.5
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 3.5
Length (mean) [mm] 3.8
Length (maximum) [mm] 4.0
Width (minimum) [mm]  
Width (mean) [mm] 1.0
Width (maximum) [mm]  
Height (minimum) [mm]  
Height (mean) [mm] 0.5
Height (maximum) [mm]  
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 6.5
Length (mean) [mm] 7.6
Length (maximum) [mm] 10.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Width (mean) [mm] 1.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.5
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.3
Height (mean) [mm] 0.6
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.9
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint True
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 4.0
Length (mean) [mm] 6.6
Length (maximum) [mm] 9.5
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Width (mean) [mm] 1.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.5
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.3
Height (mean) [mm] 0.6
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.9
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 6.5
Length (mean) [mm] 7.6
Length (maximum) [mm] 10.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Width (mean) [mm] 1.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.5
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.3
Height (mean) [mm] 0.6
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.9
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Gibson, D.J., Newman, J.A. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Festuca arundinacea Schreber (F. elatior L. ssp. arundinacea (Schreber) Hackel). Journal of Ecology 89:304-324 (Gattung)
Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L. 1997: The soil seed bank of undisturbed and disturbed dry limestone grassland on Öland (Sweden). Z. Ökologie Nat. sch. 6:9-18 (Gattung)
Böttner, I., Frey, W., Hensen, I. 1997: Carex humilis-Gesellschaft im unteren Unstruttal (mitteldeutsches Trockengebiet) - Lebensstrategien einer xerothermen Vegetationseinheit. Feddes Repertorium 108:7; 583-8; 602 (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Häfliger, T.J., Scholz, H. 1981: Grass weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
Stockey, A., Hunt, R. 1994: Predicting secondary succession in wetland mesocosms on the basis of autecological information on seeds and seedlings. Journal of Applied Ecology 31:543-559 (Gattung)
Strykstra, R.J. 1997: Seed dispersal in a Dutch grassland reserve. . Univesity of Ulster, Coleraine. (Gattung)
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
Hensen, I., Kentrup, M. 1998: Teucrio botryos-Melicetum ciliatae (Traubegamander-Wimpergrasflur) - Lebensstrategien in einer xerothemen Fels-Pioniergesellschaft. Tuexenia 18:217-236 (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type c (competitors)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence GW (commercial grasslands)
Guild G (grass)
Mowing tolerance 9 (very tolerant to mowing)
Grazing tolerance 7 (well tolerant to grazing)
Trampling tolerance 6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to trampling))
Foraging value 7 (high forage value)
Foraging value for deer 2 (no or little forage value)
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone a (arctic)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 5
Oceanity »
Oceanity sos (weak suboceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: extreme central continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region c (circumpolar)
Continent of floristic region: c (circumpolar)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby c (a-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 1
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 3 (urbanoneutral)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat H1.2.2.4 (null)
Alliance: Ammophilion arenariae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T6 (Poor grasslands)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T6.2.1.4.2 (null)
Alliance: Koelerion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7 (Meadows and pastures)
Alliance: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T8.3 (null)
Alliance: Sisymbrienea
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T9.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 03.6 (Haline grasslands)
Class: Asteretea tripolii
English circumscription 04.4 (Communities of heavy metal soils)
Class: Violetea calaminariae
English circumscription 05.1 (Communities of coastal dunes)
Class: Ammophiletea arenariae
English circumscription 05.2 (Pioneer communities of hair-grasses)
Class: Koelerio-Corynephoretea
English circumscription 05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
English circumscription 05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
English circumscription 05.5 (Communities of flooded and trampled grasslands)
Class: Agrostietea stoloniferae
English circumscription 05.6 (Acidic mat-grass communities)
Class: Nardetea strictae
English circumscription 09.2 (Acidic deciduous bush communities)
Class: Franguletea
English circumscription 09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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