species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Festuca pratensis Huds. s. l. |
Poaceae » |
Wiesen-Schwingel
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Festuca pratensis Huds. |
accepted |
Festuca fluitans var. pratensis (Huds.) Huds. |
Synonym |
Poa curvata Koeler |
Synonym |
Festuca elatior var. pratensis (Huds.) A. Gray |
Synonym |
Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh. |
Synonym |
Festuca multiflora C. Presl, non Walter 1788, nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
Festuca elatior L., nom. utique rej. |
Synonym |
Festuca pratensis 'Sammelart' |
Synonym |
>Festuca pratensis subsp. apennina (De Not.) Hack. ex Hegi |
accepted |
>Festuca elatior subsp. apennina (De Not.) Hayek |
Synonym |
>Festuca apennina De Not. |
Basionym |
>Festuca pratensis subsp. pratensis |
accepted |
>Festuca pratensis Huds., s. str. |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
14 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
4.4 |
Chromosome number |
14 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
11.3 |
Chromosome number |
14 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.P., Heslop-Harrison, J.S. 1982: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Proceedings of the Royal Society London. Series B 216:179-199 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
4.5 |
Chromosome number |
14 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.P., Heslop-Harrison, J.S. 1982: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Proceedings of the Royal Society London. Series B 216:179-199 |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
h (Tuft) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Serebrjakova, T.I. 1965: The life-forms of forest and meadow losse-tufted grasses and probable trends of their evolution. Bjul. Mosk. obsc. ispyt. prirody, otdel biol. 70:60-79
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Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
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Mühlberg, H. 1967: Die Wuchstypen mitteleuropäischer Poaceen. Hercynia N. F. 4:11-50
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|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
7 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
7 (Ligustrum-Stachys sylvatica-Phase) Phenological season: end of early summer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Connor, H.E. 1979: Breeding system in the grasses: a survey. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17:547-574 |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Auquier, P. 1977: Biologie de la reproduction dans le genre Festuca L. (Poaceae). 1. Système de pollination. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 110:129-150 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility) |
Reference |
Lundqvist, A. 1955: Self-incompatibility in Festuca pratensis Huds.. Hereditas 41:518-520 |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Beddows, A.R. 1931: Seed setting and flowering in various grasses. Bulletin of the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Series H 12:5-99 |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
W (wind flowers) Typical pollinators: - |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.5 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.5 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
2.1 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
2.3 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.5 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
2.1 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
2.3 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
3.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
5.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.6 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
6.5 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
9.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
6.5 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
9.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
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Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
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Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
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Gibson, D.J., Newman, J.A. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Festuca arundinacea Schreber (F. elatior L. ssp. arundinacea (Schreber) Hackel). Journal of Ecology 89:304-324 (Gattung)
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Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L. 1997: The soil seed bank of undisturbed and disturbed dry limestone grassland on Öland (Sweden). Z. Ökologie Nat. sch. 6:9-18 (Gattung)
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Böttner, I., Frey, W., Hensen, I. 1997: Carex humilis-Gesellschaft im unteren Unstruttal (mitteldeutsches Trockengebiet) - Lebensstrategien einer xerothermen Vegetationseinheit. Feddes Repertorium 108:7; 583-8; 602 (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Häfliger, T.J., Scholz, H. 1981: Grass weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
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Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
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Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
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Stockey, A., Hunt, R. 1994: Predicting secondary succession in wetland mesocosms on the basis of autecological information on seeds and seedlings. Journal of Applied Ecology 31:543-559 (Gattung)
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Strykstra, R.J. 1997: Seed dispersal in a Dutch grassland reserve. . Univesity of Ulster, Coleraine. (Gattung)
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Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
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Hensen, I., Kentrup, M. 1998: Teucrio botryos-Melicetum ciliatae (Traubegamander-Wimpergrasflur) - Lebensstrategien in einer xerothemen Fels-Pioniergesellschaft. Tuexenia 18:217-236 (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GW (commercial grasslands) |
Guild |
G (grass) |
Mowing tolerance |
6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
9 (best forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
7 (high forage value) |
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
T3.1 (null) Alliance: Betulo-Adenostyletea
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T7 (Meadows and pastures) Alliance: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T7.1.3 (null) Alliance: Polygono-Trisetion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
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English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
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English circumscription |
07.2 (Alpine-montane tall herb and small-reed communities) Class: Stellario nemorum-Geranietea sylvatici
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English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities) Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
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