species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce |
Gentianaceae » |
Kleines Tausendgüldenkraut
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reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce |
accepted |
Gentiana pulchella Sw. |
Basionym |
Erythraea pulchella var. ramosissimum Becker |
Synonym |
Erythraea pulchella var. simplex Becker |
Synonym |
Erythraea pulchella Fr. |
Synonym |
>Centaurium pulchellum subsp. meyeri (Bunge) Tzvelev |
accepted |
>Erythraea meyeri Bunge |
Synonym |
>Centaurium pulchellum subsp. pulchellum |
accepted |
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Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
9 |
Chromosome number 2n |
36 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
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Life form » |
Life form |
T (Therophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
a (annual) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
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Schat, H., Ouborg, J., de Wit, R. 1989: Life history and plant architecture: size-dependent reproductive allocation in annual and biennial Centaurium species. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 38:183-201
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Lampe, M.v. 1996: Wuchsform, Wuchsrhythmus und Verbreitung der Arten der Zwergbinsengesellschaften. Dissertationes Botanicae 266:1-358
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Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
End of flowering (months) |
9 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase) Phenological season: midsummer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
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Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: SC, da idR Selbstbestäubt, Kleistogam... |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
possible [5] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AF (facultative autogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
1 (none) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
red |
Basic flower colour |
r (red) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
B (flowers with totally hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
4.2 (stalk disc flowers, stamina and pistil outside tube) |
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Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
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Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
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Development of additional appendages |
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Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.0 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.0 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.3 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.3 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.3 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.3 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
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Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
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Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
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Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Class » |
English circumscription |
02.1 (Communities of dwarf rushes) Class: Isoeto-Nanojuncetea bufonii
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English circumscription |
03.6 (Haline grasslands) Class: Asteretea tripolii
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