Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Diaspore type |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
H2 (glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)/fruit from glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
H1 (glume/fruit from glume) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
H1 (glume/fruit from glume) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Heteromorphic type |
H2 (glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)/fruit from glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)) |
Germinule type |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
H1 (glume/fruit from glume) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
2.7 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
2.7 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
2.8 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
H1 (glume/fruit from glume) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
2.7 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
2.7 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
2.8 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
H2 (glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)/fruit from glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
3.6 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
3.6 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
3.7 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
H2 (glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)/fruit from glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
3.6 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
3.6 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
3.7 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
H2 (glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)/fruit from glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
7.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
9.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
H1 (glume/fruit from glume) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
7.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
9.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
H1 (glume/fruit from glume) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
8.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
10.9 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
15.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
H1 (glume/fruit from glume) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
20.1 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
21.7 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
23.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
H1 (glume/fruit from glume) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
20.1 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
21.7 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
23.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
H2 (glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)/fruit from glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
17.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
20.2 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
22.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
|
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
|
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
H2 (glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)/fruit from glume + sterile floret (part of infructescence)) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
17.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
20.2 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
22.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
|
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
|
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Müller-Schneider, P. 1986: Verbreitungsbiologie der Blütenpflanzen Graubündens. Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der ETH, Stiftung Rübel, Zürich 85:1-261 (Gattung)
|
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
|
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
Hensen, I., Müller, C. 1997: Experimental and structural investigations of anemochorous dispersal. Plant Ecology 133:169-180 (Gattung)
|
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
Frey, W., Hauser, A. 1996: Onopordetum acanthii (Eselsdistel-Gesellschaft) im mittleren und unteren Unstruttal - Lebensstrategien in einer wärmeliebenden Ruderalgesellschaft. Hausknechtia, Beiheft 6:1-84 (Gattung)
|
Häfliger, T.J., Scholz, H. 1981: Grass weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
|
Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
|
Kowal, T., Rudnicka-Sternowa, W. 1969: Fruit morphology and anatomy of the Bromus L. species of Poland. Monographiae Botanicae 29:19-68 (Gattung)
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
Scholz, H. 1978: Synaptospermie und Heterodiasporie in der Gattung Bromus (Gramineae). Willdenowia 8:341-350 (Gattung)
|
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
|