species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Cnicus benedictus L. |
Asteraceae » |
Benediktenkraut
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Cnicus benedictus L. |
accepted |
|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
8 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
0 (not available) Phenological season: not available |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny |
gm (gynomonoecious) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
yellow |
Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
Flower colour |
yellow |
Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
Reference |
Bayer, E., Buttler, K.P., Finkenzeller, X., Grau, J.Steinbach, G. (Hrsg.) 1987: Pflanzen des Mittelmeerraumes. Mosaik-Verlag, München |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
B` (flower associations with totally hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: bees, bumble bees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
7.2a (flower heads, Asteraceae, only disk flowers) |
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Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
always [1] |
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
always [1] |
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
27.9 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
30.9 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
30.9 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
7.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
9.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
2.5 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
15.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
17.9 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
19.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
2.5 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
15.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
17.9 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
19.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
2.5 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
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special references:
|
Petit, D.P. 1997: Generic interrelationships of the Cardueae (Compositae): a cladistic analysis of morphological data. Plant Systematics and Evolution 207:173-203 (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Dittrich, M. 1968: Morphologische Untersuchungen an den Früchten der Subtribus Cardueae-Centaureinae (Compositae). Willdenowia 5:67-107 (Gattung)
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Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
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Floristic zone and altitudinal level » |
Floristic zone |
m (meridional) |
Altitudinal level |
|
Status |
anthropogenic range |
Floristic zone |
e (submeridional) |
Altitudinal level |
|
Status |
anthropogenic range |
Number of inhabited floristic zones » |
Number of inhabited floristic zones |
2 |
Oceanity » |
Oceanity |
os (weak oceanic) Amplitude of Oceanity: 4 Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate |
Status |
anthropogenic range |
Floristic region » |
Floristic region |
m (Americas) Continent of floristic region: m (Amerika) |
Status |
anthropogenic range |
Floristic region |
oe (Eastern Europe) Continent of floristic region: e (Europa) |
Status |
natural range |
Floristic region |
wa (Western Asia) Continent of floristic region: a (Asien) |
Status |
natural range |
Floristic region |
we (Western Europe) Continent of floristic region: e (Europa) |
Status |
anthropogenic range |
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Class » |
English circumscription |
06.4 (Annual ruderal communities) Class: Sisymbrietea officinalis
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