| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Centaurea stoebe L. s. l. |
Asteraceae » |
Rispen-Flockenblume
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Centaurea stoebe L. |
accepted |
| Centaurea maculosa Lam. |
Synonym |
| Centaurea paniculata , auct. p. p., non L. 1753 |
Synonym |
| Centaurea stoebe 'Sammelart' |
Synonym |
| Acosta maculosa (Lam.) Holub |
Synonym |
| Acosta stoebe (L.) Soják |
Synonym |
| Acrolophus maculosus Cass. |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea stoebe subsp. stoebe |
accepted |
| >Centaurea maculosa , auct., non Lam. 1785 |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea stoebe subsp. rhenana (Boreau) Schinz & Thell. |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea stoebe L., s. str. |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea maculosa subsp. rhenana (Boreau) Gugler |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea rhenana Boreau |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea stoebe subsp. maculosa , auct. |
Synonym |
| >Acosta rhenana (Boreau) Soják |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea paniculata , auct. W. D. J. Koch 1837, non L. 1753, non W. D. J. Koch 1844 |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea paniculata var. rhenana (Boreau) Rouy |
Synonym |
| >Acrolophus rhenanus (Boreau) Å. Löve & D. Löve |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek |
accepted |
| >Centaurea micranthos S. G. Gmel. ex Hayek, non Hoffmanns. & Link 1820, nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea maculosa , auct. Boiss. 1875, non Lam. 1785 |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea biebersteinii , auct., non DC. 1838 |
Synonym |
| >Centaurea maculosa subsp. micranthos Gugler |
Basionym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
9 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
18 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
| Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart |
| Basic chromosome number |
9 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
36 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
| Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
b (biennial) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span |
h (pluriennial-hapaxanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Storage organs » |
| Storage organs |
r (Primary storage root) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Root metamorphoses » |
| Root metamorphoses |
r (Primary storage root) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Watson, A.K., Renney, A.J. 1974: The biology of Canadian weeds. 6. Centaurea diffusa Lam. and Centaurea maculosa Lam.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54:687-701
|
| Hensen, I. 1997: Life strategies of xerothermic grasslands - mechanisms of reproduction and colonization within Stipetum capillatae s.l. and Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. Feddes Repertorium 108:425-452
|
| Ochsmann, J. 1996: Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae) in Deutschland. Untersuchungen zur Biologie, Verbreitung, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Feddes Repertorium 107:557-595
|
| Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
|
| Hensen, I., Kentrup, M. 1998: Teucrio botryos-Melicetum ciliatae (Traubegamander-Wimpergrasflur) - Lebensstrategien in einer xerothemen Fels-Pioniergesellschaft. Tuexenia 18:217-236
|
| Kutschera, L., Lichtenegger, E. 1992: Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Grünlandpflanzen. Bd. 2 Pteridophyta und Dicotyledonae (Magnoliopsida). Teil I Morphologie, Anatomie, Ökologie, Verbreitung, Soziologie, Wirtschaft. Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena, New York
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
| End of flowering (months) |
9 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase)
Phenological season: midsummer |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
| Reference |
Watson, A.K., Renney, A.J. 1974: The biology of Canadian weeds. 6. Centaurea diffusa Lam. and Centaurea maculosa Lam.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54:687-701 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
Watson, A.K., Renney, A.J. 1974: The biology of Canadian weeds. 6. Centaurea diffusa Lam. and Centaurea maculosa Lam.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54:687-701 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
XF (facultative allogamous) |
| Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
dark purple |
| Basic flower colour |
pu (purple) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
B` (flower associations with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumble bees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
7.2a (flower heads, Asteraceae, only disk flowers) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
always [1] |
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
always [1] |
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.3 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.4 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.5 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
4.9 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
5.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.5 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
4.9 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
5.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Bresinsky, A. 1963: Bau, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Inhaltsstoffe der Elaiosomen. Studien zur myrmekochoren Verbreitung von Samen und Früchten. Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 126. (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
|
| Dittrich, M. 1968: Morphologische Untersuchungen an den Früchten der Subtribus Cardueae-Centaureinae (Compositae). Willdenowia 5:67-107 (Gattung)
|
| Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
|
| Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
| McDonald, A.W., Bakker, J.P., Vegelin, K. 1996: Seed bank classification and ist importance for the restoration of species-rich flood-meadows. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:157-164 (Gattung)
|
| Müller, P. 1955: Verbreitungsbiologie (Diasporologie) der Blütenpflanzen. Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes Rübel Zürich . Verlag Hans Huber, Bern. (Gattung)
|
| Salisbury, E.J. 1974: Seed size and mass in relation to environment. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series B 186:83-88 (Gattung)
|
| Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
|
| Hensen, I., Kentrup, M. 1998: Teucrio botryos-Melicetum ciliatae (Traubegamander-Wimpergrasflur) - Lebensstrategien in einer xerothemen Fels-Pioniergesellschaft. Tuexenia 18:217-236 (Gattung)
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
T10.3.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T10.3.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T10.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T10.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T7.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T8.2.2 (null)
Alliance: Artemisietea vulgaris
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T8.3 (null)
Alliance: Sisymbrienea
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
05.2 (Pioneer communities of hair-grasses)
Class: Koelerio-Corynephoretea
|
| English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
|
| English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands)
Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
|
|
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