species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Carex nigra (L.) Reichard |
Cyperaceae » |
Braun-Segge
Wiesen-Segge
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Carex nigra (L.) Reichard |
accepted |
Carex nigra subsp. alpina (Gaudin) Lemke |
Synonym |
Carex nigra subsp. nigra |
Synonym |
Carex acuta var. chlorostachya Rchb. |
Synonym |
Carex nigra f. tornata (Fr.) Kern. & Reichg. |
Synonym |
Carex nigra f. recta (Fleisch.) Kern. & Reichg. |
Synonym |
Carex fusca , auct., non All. 1785 |
Synonym |
Carex goodenowii J. Gay |
Synonym |
Carex acuta var. nigra L. |
Basionym |
Carex aethostachya Schkuhr |
Synonym |
Carex cespitosa var. alpina Gaudin |
Synonym |
Carex stolonifera Hoppe |
Synonym |
Carex goodenoughii var. stolonifera (Hoppe) Asch. |
Synonym |
Carex vulgaris Fr., non L. 1753, nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
Carex fusca subsp. fusca , auct. |
Synonym |
Carex fusca subsp. alpina (Gaudin) Lemke |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
5 |
Chromosome number 2n |
88 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
5 |
Chromosome number 2n |
84 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
5 |
Chromosome number 2n |
82 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
5 |
Chromosome number 2n |
80 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
5 |
Chromosome number 2n |
72 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208 |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
1.1 |
Chromosome number |
85 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London |
|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
6 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
4 (Fagus-Lamiastrum-Phase) Phenological season: start of mid spring |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
mo (monoecious) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny |
am (andromonoecious) |
Abundance |
never [6] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g2 (protogynous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Faulkner, J.S. 1973: Experimental hybridization of North-West European species of Carex section Acutae (Cyperaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 67:233-253 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
U (unknown mechanism) |
Reference |
unbekannt |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
1 (none) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
W (wind flowers) Typical pollinators: - |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.5 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.7 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.8 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.4 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.7 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.6 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.7 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.5 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.5 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.8 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Taylor, F.J. 1956: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Carex flacca. Journal of Ecology 44:281-290 (Gattung)
|
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
|
Noble, J.C. 1982: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Carex arenia L. (Carex witheringii S. F. Gray; Vignea arenaria (L.) Reichenb. in Mössler). Journal of Ecology 70:867-886 (Gattung)
|
David, R.W., Kelcey, J.G. 1985: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Carex muricata L. aggregate. Journal of Ecology 73:1021-1039 (Gattung)
|
Brooker, R.W., Carlsson, B.A., Callaghan, T.V. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Carex bigelowii Torrey ex Schweinitz (C. rigida Good., non Schrank; C. hyperborea Drejer). Journal of Ecology 89:1072-1095 (Gattung)
|
Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L. 1997: The soil seed bank of undisturbed and disturbed dry limestone grassland on Öland (Sweden). Z. Ökologie Nat. sch. 6:9-18 (Gattung)
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
Berggren, G. 1969: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 2 (Cyperaceae). Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
Böttner, I., Frey, W., Hensen, I. 1997: Carex humilis-Gesellschaft im unteren Unstruttal (mitteldeutsches Trockengebiet) - Lebensstrategien einer xerothermen Vegetationseinheit. Feddes Repertorium 108:7; 583-8; 602 (Gattung)
|
Bresinsky, A. 1963: Bau, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Inhaltsstoffe der Elaiosomen. Studien zur myrmekochoren Verbreitung von Samen und Früchten. Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 126. (Gattung)
|
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
Gaggermeier, H. 1986: Carex michelii Host, eine für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland neue kontinentale Segge. Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellscahft 57:5-15 (Gattung)
|
Häfliger, T.J., Wolf, M. 1988: Dicot Weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
Nilsson, Ö., Hjelmqvist, H. 1967: Studies on the nutlet structure of south scandinavian species of Carex. Botaniska Notiser 120:460-485 (Gattung)
|
Strykstra, R.J. 1997: Seed dispersal in a Dutch grassland reserve. . Univesity of Ulster, Coleraine. (Gattung)
|
Duty, J. 1960: Floristische Beiträge zur geobotanischen Geländearbeit in Mitteldeutschland (V). Die Carex flava-Gruppe. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift MLU Halle-Wittenberg IX:422 (Gattung)
|
|
Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
Guild |
GS (sedge) |
Mowing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
|
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
S1.1 (null) Alliance: Sphagno-Utricularion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
S2.2.1 (null) Alliance: Caricion nigrae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T4.5 (null) Alliance: Ericion tetralicis
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
02.2 (Communities of pools and bog-pools) Class: Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae
|
English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
English circumscription |
05.6 (Acidic mat-grass communities) Class: Nardetea strictae
|
English circumscription |
10.9 (Bog bilberry pine-forests) Class: Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea
|
|
|
|
Display of complete information for the selected species. Only traits available for the selected species are displayed.
|