species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Cardamine pratensis L. (s. l.) |
Brassicaceae » |
Wiesen-Schaumkraut
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Cardamine pratensis L. |
accepted |
Cardamine nemorosa Lej. |
Synonym |
Cardamine pratensis L., s. str. |
Synonym |
Cardamine pratensis var. nemorosa (Lej.) Lej. |
Synonym |
Cardamine sylvatica Link |
Synonym |
Cardamine pratensis subsp. pratensis |
Synonym |
Cardamine pratensis var. pratensis |
Synonym |
<Cardamine pratensis agg. |
accepted |
<Cardamine pratensis L., s. l. |
Synonym |
<Cardamine pratensis 'Sammelart' |
Synonym |
<Cardamine pratensis - Gruppe |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
16 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
56 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
7 (heptaploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
28 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
32 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Dobes, C., Vitek, E. 2000: Documented chromosome number checklist of Austrian vascular plants. Verlag des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, Wien |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
40 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
5 (pentaploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
24 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
64 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
8 (octoploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
3.3 |
Chromosome number |
30 |
Quality |
chromosome number missing in original source; the most common number was added [f] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
ps (Phyllogenous shoot) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Vegetative propagation |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Gustafsson, A. 1948: Polyploidy, life-form and vegetative reproduction. Hereditas 34:1-22
|
Arber, A. 1920: Water plants. A study of aquatic angiosperms. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
|
Söyrinki, N. 1939: Studien ber die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. Ann. Bot. Soc. "Vanamo" 14:1-404
|
Gelting, P. 1934: Studies on the vascular plants of East Greenland between Franz Joseph Fjord and Dove Bay (Lat. 73o15'-76o20'N). Medd. om Groenl. 101:1-337
|
Holm, T. 1925: On the development of buds upon roots and leaves. Annals of Botany 39:867-881
|
Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
|
Hansen, A. 1881: Vergleichende Untersuchungen über Adventivbildungen bei den Pflanzen. Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges. 12:147-198
|
Glück, H. 1911: Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen über Wasser- und Sumpfgewächse. 3. Aufl., Jena
|
Kutschera, L., Lichtenegger, E. 1992: Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Grünlandpflanzen. Bd. 2 Pteridophyta und Dicotyledonae (Magnoliopsida). Teil I Morphologie, Anatomie, Ökologie, Verbreitung, Soziologie, Wirtschaft. Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena, New York
|
Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
|
|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
4 |
End of flowering (months) |
6 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
3 (Prunus avium-Ranunculus auricomus-Phase) Phenological season: end of early spring |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Proctor, M.C.F., Yeo, P., Lack, A. 1996: The natural history of pollination. HarperCollins Publishers, London |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g2 (protogynous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy |
g1 (slightly protogynous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
Bateman, A.J. 1955: Self-incompatibility systems in angiosperms. III. Cruciferae. Heredity 9:53-68 |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
SSI (sporophytic self-incompatibility) |
Reference |
de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
possible [5] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Proctor, M.C.F., Yeo, P., Lack, A. 1996: The natural history of pollination. HarperCollins Publishers, London |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Fryxell, P.M. 1957: Modes of reproduction of higher plants. The Botanical Review 23:135-233 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
pale lilac to white |
Basic flower colour |
vi (violet) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
B (flowers with totally hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2bb (disk flowers with nectar ± hidden nectaries at base of stamens) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Sch (siliqua) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.4 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.4 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Rees, M. 1995: Community structure in sand dune annuals - is seed weight a key quantity?. Journal of Ecology 83:857-863 (Gattung)
|
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
|
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
Berggren, G. 1981: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 3 (Salicaceae-Cruciferaceae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
Häfliger, T.J., Wolf, M. 1988: Dicot Weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
Salisbury, E.J. 1974: Seed size and mass in relation to environment. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series B 186:83-88 (Gattung)
|
Vogler, P. 1901: Ueber die Verbreitungsmittel der schweizerischen Alpenpflanzen. Flora 89 (Ergänzungsband zum Jg.1901):1-137 (Gattung)
|
|
Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
Guild |
K (forb) |
Mowing tolerance |
6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
7 (well tolerant to grazing) |
Trampling tolerance |
3 (sensitive to trampling) |
Foraging value |
1 (poisonous for livestock (and humans)) |
Foraging value for deer |
2 (no or little forage value) |
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
L5.2.3 (null) Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T7.3.2 (null) Alliance: Molinion coeruleae p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T8.2.1.1 (null) Alliance: Aegopodion podagrariae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
01.6 (Communities of reeds and tall sedges) Class: Phragmito-Magnocaricetea
|
English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
English circumscription |
10.1 (Alder marsh woodlands) Class: Alnetea glutinosae
|
English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
|
|
|
|
Display of complete information for the selected species. Only traits available for the selected species are displayed.
|