species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. s. l. |
Plumbaginaceae » |
Gewöhnliche Grasnelke
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. |
accepted |
Armeria alpina agg. |
Synonym |
Armeria maritima agg. |
Synonym |
Armeria maritima - Gruppe |
Synonym |
Armeria vulgaris Willd. |
Synonym |
Statice maritima Mill. |
Synonym |
Statice armeria L. |
Synonym |
Statice vulgaris Hill, nom. inval. |
Synonym |
Armeria pubescens Link |
Synonym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. elongata (Hoffm.) Bonnier |
accepted |
>Armeria elongata (Hoffm.) W. D. J. Koch |
Synonym |
>Armeria elongata subsp. elongata |
Synonym |
>Armeria maritima var. elongata (Hoffm.) Crép., nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
>Statice elongata Hoffm. |
Basionym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. halleri (Wallr.) Rothm., s. l. |
accepted |
>Armeria elongata subsp. serpentini (Gauckler) Holub |
Synonym |
>Armeria halleri Wallr. |
Basionym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. intermedia (Marsson) Nordhal |
Synonym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. eifeliaca (F. Petri) Lefèbvre, nom. inval. (sine basion.) |
Synonym |
>Armeria vulgaris f. calaminaria F. Petri |
Synonym |
>Armeria vulgaris f. eifeliaca F. Petri |
Synonym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. halleri (Wallr.) Rothm., s. str. |
Synonym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. calaminaria (F. Petri) W. Ernst, nom. inval. (sine basion.) |
Synonym |
>Armeria elongata var. serpentini Gauckler |
Synonym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. bottendorfensis (A. Schulz) Rothm. |
Synonym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. hornburgensis (A. Schulz) Rothm. |
Synonym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. serpentini (Gauckler) Rothm. |
Synonym |
>Armeria rhenana Gremli |
Synonym |
>Armeria bottendorfensis Schulz A. Schulz |
Synonym |
>Armeria hornburgensis (A. Schulz) ? |
Synonym |
>Armeria serpentini (Gauckler) ? |
Synonym |
>Armeria intermedia Link ex Boissier |
Synonym |
>Armeria campestris var. hornburgensis A. Schulz |
Synonym |
>Armeria vulgaris subsp. serpentini (Gauckler) Holub |
Synonym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. maritima |
accepted |
>Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd., s. str. |
Synonym |
>Armeria maritima subsp. purpurea (Koch) Å. Löve & D. Löve |
accepted |
>Armeria purpurea Koch |
Basionym |
>Armeria alpina var. purpurea (Koch) Baumann |
Synonym |
>Armeria alpina subsp. purpurea (Koch) O. Schwarz |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
9 |
Chromosome number 2n |
18 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
8.6 |
Chromosome number |
18 |
Quality |
chromosome number missing in original source; the most common number was added [f] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1997: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms - 583 new estimates. Annals of Botany 80:169-196 |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
C (Chamaephyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
p (Pleiocorm) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
p (Pleiocorm) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
g (Rosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Woodell, S.R.J., Dale, A. 1993: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ameria maritima (Mill.) Willd. (Statice ameria L.; Statice maritima Mill.). Journal of Ecology 81:573-588
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Lidforss, B. 1907: Wintergrüne Flora. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F. , Afd. 2, Bd. 2, Nr. 13:1-76
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Philipp, M. 1974: Morphological and genetical studies in the Armeria maritima aggregate. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 69:40-57
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Jefferies, R.L., Davy, A.J., Rudmik, T. 1979: The growth strategies of coastal halophytes. In: Jefferies, R.L., Davy, A.J. (Hrsg.) Ecological processes in coastal environments, S. 243-268, Blackwell. Sci. Publ., Oxford
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Kutschera, L., Lichtenegger, E. 1992: Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Grünlandpflanzen. Bd. 2 Pteridophyta und Dicotyledonae (Magnoliopsida). Teil I Morphologie, Anatomie, Ökologie, Verbreitung, Soziologie, Wirtschaft. Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena, New York
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|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
11 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
7 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
5 (Sorbus aucuparia-Galium odoratum-Phase) Phenological season: end of mid spring |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
Reference |
Woodell, S.R.J., Dale, A. 1993: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ameria maritima (Mill.) Willd. (Statice ameria L.; Statice maritima Mill.). Journal of Ecology 81:573-588 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Lefebvre, C. 1985: Morphological variation, breeding system and demography at population and subpopulation levels in Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd.. In: Jacquard, P., Heim, G., Antonovics, J. (Hrsg.) Genetic differentiation and dispersal in plants, 5, S. 129-140, Springer, Berlin |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Heterostyly » |
Heterostyly |
d (distylous) Hetero/homostyly: e |
Reference |
Baker, K., Richards, A.J., Tremayne, M. 1994: Fitness constraints on flower number, seed number and seed size in the dimorphic species Primula farinosa L. and Armeria maritima (Miller) Willd.. New Phytologist 128:563-570 |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Woodell, S.R.J., Dale, A. 1993: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ameria maritima (Mill.) Willd. (Statice ameria L.; Statice maritima Mill.). Journal of Ecology 81:573-588 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
HSI (heteromorphic self-incompatibility) |
Reference |
Woodell, S.R.J., Dale, A. 1993: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ameria maritima (Mill.) Willd. (Statice ameria L.; Statice maritima Mill.). Journal of Ecology 81:573-588 |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Lefebvre, C. 1985: Morphological variation, breeding system and demography at population and subpopulation levels in Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd.. In: Jacquard, P., Heim, G., Antonovics, J. (Hrsg.) Genetic differentiation and dispersal in plants, 5, S. 129-140, Springer, Berlin |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Woodell, S.R.J., Dale, A. 1993: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ameria maritima (Mill.) Willd. (Statice ameria L.; Statice maritima Mill.). Journal of Ecology 81:573-588 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Woodell, S.R.J., Dale, A. 1993: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ameria maritima (Mill.) Willd. (Statice ameria L.; Statice maritima Mill.). Journal of Ecology 81:573-588 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Woodell, S.R.J., Dale, A. 1993: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ameria maritima (Mill.) Willd. (Statice ameria L.; Statice maritima Mill.). Journal of Ecology 81:573-588 |
Amount of floral reward |
2 (little) |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
pink or purple |
Basic flower colour |
ro (pink) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
B` (flower associations with totally hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: bees, bumble bees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
7.1 (flower heads, non-Asteraceae) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
always [1] |
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.7 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.9 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.0 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.4 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.5 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.5 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.4 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.5 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.5 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.2 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
5.9 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
9.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.2 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
|
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
5.9 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
9.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.2 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
|
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Woodell, S.R.J., Dale, A. 1993: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ameria maritima (Mill.) Willd. (Statice ameria L.; Statice maritima Mill.). Journal of Ecology 81:573-588 (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
Guild |
K (forb) |
Mowing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to mowing) |
Grazing tolerance |
6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
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|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
H1.1.3.2 (null) Alliance: Armerion maritimae p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
H2 (Inland saline habitats) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
H3 (Freshwater-Tide Areas) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T10.3.1.2 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
Apophyt |
Habitat |
T5.1.3 (null) Alliance: Violetalia calaminariae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T6.2.4.3 (null) Alliance: Armerion maritimae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
01.4 (Mudwort communities) Class: Isoeto-Littorelletea uniflorae
|
English circumscription |
03.6 (Haline grasslands) Class: Asteretea tripolii
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English circumscription |
04.4 (Communities of heavy metal soils) Class: Violetea calaminariae
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English circumscription |
05.2 (Pioneer communities of hair-grasses) Class: Koelerio-Corynephoretea
|
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
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