species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench s. str. |
Poaceae » |
Benthalm
Gewöhnliches Pfeifengras
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench |
accepted |
Melica caerulea (L.) L. |
Synonym |
Molinia varia Schrank |
Synonym |
Molinia variabilis Wibel |
Synonym |
Molinia coerulea subsp. varia (Schrank) O. Schwarz |
Synonym |
Aira caerulea L. |
Basionym |
Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea |
Synonym |
<Molinia caerulea agg. |
accepted |
<Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench, s. l. |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
9 |
Chromosome number 2n |
36 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
4.9 |
Chromosome number |
36 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
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Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Vegetative propagation |
sk (Shoot tuber) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
h (Tuft) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Storage organs |
sk (Shoot tuber) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Shoot metamorphoses |
sk (Shoot tuber) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
g (Rosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144
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Söyrinki, N. 1939: Studien ber die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. Ann. Bot. Soc. "Vanamo" 14:1-404
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Golubev, V.N. 1957: Materialy k ekologo-morfologiceskoj i geneticeskoj charakteristikje zhizjennych form travjanistych rastenij. Botaniceskij Zhurnal 42:1055-1072
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Burns, W. 1946: Corm and bulb formation in plants with special reference to the Gramineae. Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 34:316-347
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Jefferies, T.A. 1916: The vegetative anatomy of Molinia caerulea, the purple heath grass. New Phytologist 15:49-71
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Mühlberg, H. 1967: Die Wuchstypen mitteleuropäischer Poaceen. Hercynia N. F. 4:11-50
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Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
End of flowering (months) |
9 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase) Phenological season: midsummer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
Reference |
Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144 |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Connor, H.E. 1979: Breeding system in the grasses: a survey. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17:547-574 |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
Reference |
Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144 |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility) |
Reference |
de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
W (wind flowers) Typical pollinators: - |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.4 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.6 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.7 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.7 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.8 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.0 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.7 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.8 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.0 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
4.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
4.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
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Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
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Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144 (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
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Strykstra, R.J. 1997: Seed dispersal in a Dutch grassland reserve. . Univesity of Ulster, Coleraine. (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
Guild |
G (grass) |
Mowing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to mowing) |
Grazing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to grazing) |
Trampling tolerance |
3 (sensitive to trampling) |
Foraging value |
3 (little forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
6 (between 6 and 8 (intermediate to high forage value)) |
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
S1.1 (null) Alliance: Sphagno-Utricularion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
S1.5 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.2.5 (null) Alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T4 (Dwarf scrub communities below alpine areas) Alliance: (Calluno-)Ulicetalia
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
02.2 (Communities of pools and bog-pools) Class: Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae
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English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
English circumscription |
05.6 (Acidic mat-grass communities) Class: Nardetea strictae
|
English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas) Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
English circumscription |
08.4 (Heather and gorse heathlands) Class: Calluno-Ulicetea
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English circumscription |
09.3 (Willow marsh shrublands) Class: Carici-Salicetea cinereae
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English circumscription |
10.1 (Alder marsh woodlands) Class: Alnetea glutinosae
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English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
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English circumscription |
10.3 (Birch-oak forests) Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
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English circumscription |
10.7 (Snow-heather pine-forests) Class: Erico-Pinetea
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English circumscription |
10.9 (Bog bilberry pine-forests) Class: Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea
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