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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench s. str. Poaceae » Benthalm
Gewöhnliches Pfeifengras
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench accepted
Melica caerulea (L.) L. Synonym
Molinia varia Schrank Synonym
Molinia variabilis Wibel Synonym
Molinia coerulea subsp. varia (Schrank) O. Schwarz Synonym
Aira caerulea L. Basionym
Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea Synonym
<Molinia caerulea agg. accepted
<Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench, s. l. Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 9
Chromosome number 2n 36
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 4 (tetraploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 4.9
Chromosome number 36
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBABBBBAAABBBABAA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Vegetative propagation sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs h (Tuft)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Storage organs sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Shoot metamorphoses sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes g (Rosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144
Söyrinki, N. 1939: Studien ber die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. Ann. Bot. Soc. "Vanamo" 14:1-404
Golubev, V.N. 1957: Materialy k ekologo-morfologiceskoj i geneticeskoj charakteristikje zhizjennych form travjanistych rastenij. Botaniceskij Zhurnal 42:1055-1072
Burns, W. 1946: Corm and bulb formation in plants with special reference to the Gramineae. Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 34:316-347
Jefferies, T.A. 1916: The vegetative anatomy of Molinia caerulea, the purple heath grass. New Phytologist 15:49-71
Mühlberg, H. 1967: Die Wuchstypen mitteleuropäischer Poaceen. Hercynia N. F. 4:11-50
Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy s (scleromorphic)
Leaf anatomy e (helomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form gras (grass-like)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 7
End of flowering (months) 9
Duration of flowering (months) 3
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase)
Phenological season: midsummer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively)
Reference Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Connor, H.E. 1979: Breeding system in the grasses: a survey. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17:547-574
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy a2 (protandrous)
Reference Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility I+ (± self-incompatibel)
Reference East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility)
Reference de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector wi (wind)
Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER W (wind flowers)
Typical pollinators: -
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 0 (not applicable)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Nu (nut)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type F (fruit)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages sometimes [2]
Development of additional appendages always [1]
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.4
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.6
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.7
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.7
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.8
Weight (maximum) [mg] 1.0
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.7
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.8
Weight (maximum) [mg] 1.0
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.5
Length (mean) [mm] 2.0
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.5
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.6
Width (mean) [mm] 0.8
Width (maximum) [mm] 0.9
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.6
Height (mean) [mm] 0.7
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.8
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 3.0
Length (mean) [mm] 4.0
Length (maximum) [mm] 6.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Width (mean) [mm] 1.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.1
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Height (mean) [mm] 0.9
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.0
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 3.0
Length (mean) [mm] 4.0
Length (maximum) [mm] 6.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Width (mean) [mm] 1.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.1
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Height (mean) [mm] 0.9
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.0
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Taylor, K., Rowland, A.P., Jones, H.E. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. Journal of Ecology 89:126-144 (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
Strykstra, R.J. 1997: Seed dispersal in a Dutch grassland reserve. . Univesity of Ulster, Coleraine. (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type cs (competitors/stress-tolerators)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence GE (little used grasslands)
Guild G (grass)
Mowing tolerance 3 (sensitive to mowing)
Grazing tolerance 3 (sensitive to grazing)
Trampling tolerance 3 (sensitive to trampling)
Foraging value 3 (little forage value)
Foraging value for deer 6 (between 6 and 8 (intermediate to high forage value))
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 3
Oceanity »
Oceanity os (weak oceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby o (oligohemerobic)
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 2
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 1 (urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat S1.1 (null)
Alliance: Sphagno-Utricularion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat S1.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T1.1.2.5 (null)
Alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T4 (Dwarf scrub communities below alpine areas)
Alliance: (Calluno-)Ulicetalia
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 02.2 (Communities of pools and bog-pools)
Class: Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae
English circumscription 05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
English circumscription 05.6 (Acidic mat-grass communities)
Class: Nardetea strictae
English circumscription 07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas)
Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
English circumscription 08.4 (Heather and gorse heathlands)
Class: Calluno-Ulicetea
English circumscription 09.3 (Willow marsh shrublands)
Class: Carici-Salicetea cinereae
English circumscription 10.1 (Alder marsh woodlands)
Class: Alnetea glutinosae
English circumscription 10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
English circumscription 10.3 (Birch-oak forests)
Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
English circumscription 10.7 (Snow-heather pine-forests)
Class: Erico-Pinetea
English circumscription 10.9 (Bog bilberry pine-forests)
Class: Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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