| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Hypochaeris radicata L. |
Asteraceae » |
Gewöhnliches Ferkelkraut
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Hypochaeris radicata L. |
accepted |
| Achyrophorus radicatus (L.) Scop. |
Synonym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
4 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
8 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
| Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| DNA content » |
| DNA content (pg/2C) |
2.7 |
| Chromosome number |
8 |
| Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
| Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
| Reference |
Cerbah, M., Coulaud, J., Brown, S.C., Siljak-Yakovlev, S. 1999: Evolutionary DNA variation in the genus Hypochaeris. Heredity 82:261-266 |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Storage organs » |
| Storage organs |
p (Pleiocorm) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Shoot metamorphoses » |
| Shoot metamorphoses |
p (Pleiocorm) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
g (Rosette plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Turkington, R., Aarssen, L.W. 1983: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hypochoeris radicata L. (Achyrophorus radicatus (L.) Scop.). Journal of Ecology 71:999-1022
|
| Aarssen, L.W. 1980: The biology of Canadian weeds. 50. Hypochoeris radicata L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 61:365-381
|
| Fone, A.L. 1989: A comparative study of annual and perennial Hypochoeris (Asteraceae). Journal of Ecology 77:495-508
|
| Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
|
| Kutschera, L., Lichtenegger, E. 1992: Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Grünlandpflanzen. Bd. 2 Pteridophyta und Dicotyledonae (Magnoliopsida). Teil I Morphologie, Anatomie, Ökologie, Verbreitung, Soziologie, Wirtschaft. Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena, New York
|
| Jäger, E.J. 1957: Über Wuchsform, Wuchsrhythmus und Verbreitung einheimischer Wiesenasteraceen. Dipl.-Arb. Univ. Halle.
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
| End of flowering (months) |
9 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
4 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase)
Phenological season: start of early summer |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
| Reference |
Aarssen, L.W. 1980: The biology of Canadian weeds. 50. Hypochoeris radicata L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 61:365-381 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Turkington, R., Aarssen, L.W. 1983: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hypochoeris radicata L. (Achyrophorus radicatus (L.) Scop.). Journal of Ecology 71:999-1022 |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
| Reference |
Norderhaug, A. 1995: Mating systems of three meadow plant species. Nordic Journal of Botany 15:243-250 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| SI mechanism » |
| SI mechanism |
SSI (sporophytic self-incompatibility) |
| Reference |
de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Aarssen, L.W. 1980: The biology of Canadian weeds. 50. Hypochoeris radicata L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 61:365-381 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
| Reference |
Fryxell, P.M. 1957: Modes of reproduction of higher plants. The Botanical Review 23:135-233 |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
yellow |
| Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
4 (28-39 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
1 (UV reflectance pattern present) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
B` (flower associations with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumble bees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
7.2b (flower heads, Asteraceae, only ray flowers) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
A2 (peripheral fruit) |
| Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Heteromorphic type |
A1 (disk fruit or central fruit) |
| Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Heteromorphic type |
A2 (peripheral fruit) |
| Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Heteromorphic type |
A1 (disk fruit or central fruit) |
| Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
A1 (disk fruit or central fruit) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Length (mean) [mm] |
6.0 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Width (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Height (mean) [mm] |
|
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
A1 (disk fruit or central fruit) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Length (mean) [mm] |
13.7 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Width (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Height (mean) [mm] |
|
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
A1 (disk fruit or central fruit) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Length (mean) [mm] |
13.7 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Width (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Height (mean) [mm] |
|
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
|
| Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
|
| Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
| Guild |
K (forb) |
| Mowing tolerance |
5 (moderately tolerant to mowing) |
| Grazing tolerance |
8 (between 7 and 9 (well tolerant to very tolerant to grazing)) |
| Trampling tolerance |
8 (between 7 and 9 (well tolerant to very tolerant to trampling)) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
T6.2.1.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T6.2.1.5.1 (null)
Alliance: Violion caninae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T7.1.2 (null)
Alliance: Arrhenatherion
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T7.2.1 (null)
Alliance: Cynosurion cristati p.p.
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
05.2 (Pioneer communities of hair-grasses)
Class: Koelerio-Corynephoretea
|
| English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
|
| English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
| English circumscription |
05.6 (Acidic mat-grass communities)
Class: Nardetea strictae
|
| English circumscription |
08.4 (Heather and gorse heathlands)
Class: Calluno-Ulicetea
|
|
|
|
Display of complete information for the selected species. Only traits available for the selected species are displayed.
|
