species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. |
Hydrocharitaceae » |
Europäischer Froschbiss
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. |
accepted |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
14 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Rothmaler, W. 1990: Exkursionsflora. Band 4, Kritischer Band. 8. Aufl., Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
28 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
A (Hydrophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
a (Runner) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation |
fr (Fragmentation) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation |
t (Turio) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
a (Runner) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs |
t (Turio) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
a (Runner) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses |
t (Turio) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
g (Rosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Arber, A. 1920: Water plants. A study of aquatic angiosperms. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
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Barrat-Segretain, M.H. 1996: Strategies of reproduction, dispersion, and competition of river plants: A review. Vegetatio 123:13-27
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Hartmann, H. 1967: Untersuchungen zur Wachstumsruhe in den Turionen von Utricularia minor L., Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. und Stratiotes aloides L.. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 80:61-73
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Winston, R.D., Gorham, P.R. 1979: Turions and dormancy states in Utricularia vulgaris. Canadian Journal of Botany 57:2740-2749
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Cutter, E.G. 1964: Observations on leaf and bud formation in Hydrocharis morsus-ranae. American Journal of Botany 51:318-324
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Sastroutomo, S.S. 1980: Environmental control of turion formation in curly pondweed (Potamogeton crispus). Physiol. Plant. 49:261-264
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Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1989: Ökomorphologische Studien an Schwingmoorpflanzen. Hercynia N. F. 26:432-444
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Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
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Irmisch, T. 1865: Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte des Stratiotes Aloides. Flora N. F. 23:81-91
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Irmisch, T. 1859: Bemerkungen über einige Wassergewächse. Bot. Ztg. 17:353-356
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Cook, C.D.K., Lüönd, R. 1982: A revision of the genus Hydrocharis (Hydrocharitaceae). Aquatic Botany 14:177-204
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Glück, H. 1906: Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen über Wasser- und Sumpfgewächse. 2. Aufl., Jena
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Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
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Sculthorpe, C.D. 1967: The biology of aquatic vascular plants. Edward Arnold, London
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|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
8 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
0 (not available) Phenological season: not available |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed) |
Reference |
Haber, E. 2001: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 3. European Frog-bit. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factfrog.html |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
do (dioecious) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
Systematic reference |
genus [G] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
white, bottom yellow |
Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
AB (flowers with partly hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: syrphids, bees |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2bc (disk flowers with nectar ± hidden nectaries at base of petals) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Be (berry) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
F (fruit) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
|
Length (mean) [mm] |
10.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
|
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
10.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
10.0 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
special references:
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Habitat » |
Habitat |
L3.3 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
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Class » |
English circumscription |
01.1 (Communities of floating aquatic plants) Class: Lemnetea minoris
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