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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. Hydrocharitaceae » Europäischer Froschbiss
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. accepted
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 14
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type D (diploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Rothmaler, W. 1990: Exkursionsflora. Band 4, Kritischer Band. 8. Aufl., Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 28
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 4 (tetraploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBABBABBBBBABA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form A (Hydrophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation fr (Fragmentation)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation t (Turio)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs t (Turio)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses t (Turio)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes g (Rosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Arber, A. 1920: Water plants. A study of aquatic angiosperms. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
Barrat-Segretain, M.H. 1996: Strategies of reproduction, dispersion, and competition of river plants: A review. Vegetatio 123:13-27
Hartmann, H. 1967: Untersuchungen zur Wachstumsruhe in den Turionen von Utricularia minor L., Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. und Stratiotes aloides L.. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 80:61-73
Winston, R.D., Gorham, P.R. 1979: Turions and dormancy states in Utricularia vulgaris. Canadian Journal of Botany 57:2740-2749
Cutter, E.G. 1964: Observations on leaf and bud formation in Hydrocharis morsus-ranae. American Journal of Botany 51:318-324
Sastroutomo, S.S. 1980: Environmental control of turion formation in curly pondweed (Potamogeton crispus). Physiol. Plant. 49:261-264
Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1989: Ökomorphologische Studien an Schwingmoorpflanzen. Hercynia N. F. 26:432-444
Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
Irmisch, T. 1865: Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte des Stratiotes Aloides. Flora N. F. 23:81-91
Irmisch, T. 1859: Bemerkungen über einige Wassergewächse. Bot. Ztg. 17:353-356
Cook, C.D.K., Lüönd, R. 1982: A revision of the genus Hydrocharis (Hydrocharitaceae). Aquatic Botany 14:177-204
Glück, H. 1906: Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen über Wasser- und Sumpfgewächse. 2. Aufl., Jena
Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
Sculthorpe, C.D. 1967: The biology of aquatic vascular plants. Edward Arnold, London
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy a (hydromorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form voll (full)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 6
End of flowering (months) 8
Duration of flowering (months) 3
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 0 (not available)
Phenological season: not available
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed)
Reference Haber, E. 2001: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 3. European Frog-bit. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factfrog.html
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dicliny »
Dicliny do (dioecious)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518
Systematic reference genus [G]
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb.
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour white, bottom yellow
Basic flower colour w (white)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 0 (no UV reflectance patterns)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER AB (flowers with partly hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: syrphids, bees
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 1.2bc (disk flowers with nectar ± hidden nectaries at base of petals)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Be (berry)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type F (fruit)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type S (seed)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Sizes »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]  
Length (mean) [mm] 10.0
Length (maximum) [mm]  
Width (minimum) [mm]  
Width (mean) [mm] 10.0
Width (maximum) [mm]  
Height (minimum) [mm]  
Height (mean) [mm] 10.0
Height (maximum) [mm]  
special references:
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type  
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 3
Oceanity »
Oceanity so (suboceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 3
Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
Floristic region nm (North America)
Continent of floristic region: m (Amerika)
Status anthropogenic range
Floristic region wa (Western Asia)
Continent of floristic region: a (Asien)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 0
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 1 (urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat L3.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 01.1 (Communities of floating aquatic plants)
Class: Lemnetea minoris
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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