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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier Apiaceae » Herkulesstaude
Riesen-Bärenklau
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier accepted
Heracleum speciosum Weinm. Synonym
Heracleum tauricum Steven Synonym
Heracleum caucasicum Steven Synonym
Heracleum panaces Willd. ex Steven Synonym
Heracleum giganteum Hornem. Synonym
Heracleum pubescens (Hoffm.) M. Bieb Synonym
Sphondylium pubescens Hoffm. Synonym
Pastinaca pubescens (Hoffm.) Calest. Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status N (neophyte)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin u (unknown)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
Mode of introduction »
Mode of introduction VN (escaped crop and timber plant)
Mode of introduction VZ (escaped ornamental plant)
Time and region of first naturalization »
Region of naturalization D (Germany)
Time of first naturalization 20th cent.
Region of naturalization ME (Central Europe)
Time of first naturalization 1890
Degree of naturalization »
Maximum degree of naturalization AG (agriophyte)
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 11
Chromosome number 2n 22
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Goldblatt, P. 1981: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1975-1978. Monographs in Systematic Botany 5:1-553
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABABBABABBBBBBBBBBBABBBB
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span b (biennial)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span h (pluriennial-hapaxanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs r (Primary storage root)
Qualifier always [1]
Root metamorphoses »
Root metamorphoses r (Primary storage root)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes h (Hemirosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319
Ochsmann, J. 1996: Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae) in Deutschland. Untersuchungen zur Biologie, Verbreitung, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Feddes Repertorium 107:557-595
Py¿ek, P., Kucera, T., Puntieri, J., Mandak, B. 1995: Regeneration in Heracleum mantegazzianum - response to removal of vegetative and generative parts. Preslia (Praha) 67:161-171
Otte, A., Franke, R. 1998: The ecology of the Caucasian perennial Heracleum mantegazzianum Somm. et Lev. (Giant Hogweed) in cultural ecosystems of Central Europe. Phytocoenologia 28:205-232
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form gefie (pinnate)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 7
End of flowering (months) 9
Duration of flowering (months) 3
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 7 (Ligustrum-Stachys sylvatica-Phase)
Phenological season: end of early summer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction s (by seed/by spore)
Reference Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy a3 (pronounced protandrous)
Reference Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector ge (geitonogamy)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance possible [5]
Reference Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system XF (facultative allogamous)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb.
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour white
Basic flower colour w (white)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 0 (no UV reflectance patterns)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER A (flowers with open nectar)
Typical pollinators: beetles, flies, syrphids, wasps, medium tongued bees
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 1.2a (disk flowers with nectar open)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type SpF (schizocarp)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type TF (mericarp)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type TF (mericarp)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages always [1]
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 4.6
Weight (mean) [mg] 12.5
Weight (maximum) [mg] 23.2
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 4.6
Weight (mean) [mg] 12.5
Weight (maximum) [mg] 23.2
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 6.0
Length (mean) [mm] 11.3
Length (maximum) [mm] 18.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 5.0
Width (mean) [mm] 8.5
Width (maximum) [mm] 12.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Height (mean) [mm] 0.7
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.9
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore TF (mericarp)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 6.0
Length (mean) [mm] 11.3
Length (maximum) [mm] 18.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 5.0
Width (mean) [mm] 8.5
Width (maximum) [mm] 12.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Height (mean) [mm] 0.7
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.9
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Sheppard, A.W. 1991: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Heracleum sphondylium L.. Journal of Ecology 79:235-258 (Gattung)
Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319 (Gattung)
Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Tutin, T.G. 1980: Umbellifers of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles Handbook No. 2 . London. (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type c (competitors)
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 1
Oceanity »
Oceanity so (suboceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 3
Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region k (Caucasus)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 2
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 3 (urbanoneutral)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat L4.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities)
Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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