species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier |
Apiaceae » |
Herkulesstaude
Riesen-Bärenklau
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier |
accepted |
Heracleum speciosum Weinm. |
Synonym |
Heracleum tauricum Steven |
Synonym |
Heracleum caucasicum Steven |
Synonym |
Heracleum panaces Willd. ex Steven |
Synonym |
Heracleum giganteum Hornem. |
Synonym |
Heracleum pubescens (Hoffm.) M. Bieb |
Synonym |
Sphondylium pubescens Hoffm. |
Synonym |
Pastinaca pubescens (Hoffm.) Calest. |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
11 |
Chromosome number 2n |
22 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Goldblatt, P. 1981: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1975-1978. Monographs in Systematic Botany 5:1-553 |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
b (biennial) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span |
h (pluriennial-hapaxanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
r (Primary storage root) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Root metamorphoses » |
Root metamorphoses |
r (Primary storage root) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319
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Ochsmann, J. 1996: Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae) in Deutschland. Untersuchungen zur Biologie, Verbreitung, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Feddes Repertorium 107:557-595
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Py¿ek, P., Kucera, T., Puntieri, J., Mandak, B. 1995: Regeneration in Heracleum mantegazzianum - response to removal of vegetative and generative parts. Preslia (Praha) 67:161-171
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Otte, A., Franke, R. 1998: The ecology of the Caucasian perennial Heracleum mantegazzianum Somm. et Lev. (Giant Hogweed) in cultural ecosystems of Central Europe. Phytocoenologia 28:205-232
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
End of flowering (months) |
9 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
7 (Ligustrum-Stachys sylvatica-Phase) Phenological season: end of early summer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319 |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319 |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
a3 (pronounced protandrous) |
Reference |
Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319 |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
ge (geitonogamy) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
possible [5] |
Reference |
Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
XF (facultative allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
white |
Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
A (flowers with open nectar) Typical pollinators: beetles, flies, syrphids, wasps, medium tongued bees |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2a (disk flowers with nectar open) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
SpF (schizocarp) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
TF (mericarp) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
TF (mericarp) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
always [1] |
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TF (mericarp) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
4.6 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
12.5 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
23.2 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TF (mericarp) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
4.6 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
12.5 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
23.2 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TF (mericarp) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
11.3 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
18.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
5.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
8.5 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
12.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TF (mericarp) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
11.3 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
18.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
5.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
8.5 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
12.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.7 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.9 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
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Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
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Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
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Sheppard, A.W. 1991: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Heracleum sphondylium L.. Journal of Ecology 79:235-258 (Gattung)
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Tiley, G.E.D., Dodd, F.S., Wade, P.M. 1996: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Hercleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Journal of Ecology 84:297-319 (Gattung)
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Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
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Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Tutin, T.G. 1980: Umbellifers of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles Handbook No. 2 . London. (Gattung)
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Habitat » |
Habitat |
L4.4 (null) Alliance: ???
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Class » |
English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities) Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
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