species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Tilia cordata Mill. |
Tiliaceae » |
Winter-Linde
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Tilia cordata Mill. |
accepted |
Tilia officinarum Crantz, nom. utique rej. prop. (vide Pigott 1997: Taxon 46: 351-353) |
Synonym |
Tilia parvifolia Hoffm. |
Synonym |
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
7 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase) Phenological season: midsummer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
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Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
Reference |
Pigott, C.D. 1991: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Tilia cordata Miller (Tilia europaea L. pro parte, Tilia parvifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Tilia sylvestris Desf., Tilia foemina folio minore Bauhin). Journal of Ecology 79:1147-1207 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Pigott, C.D. 1991: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Tilia cordata Miller (Tilia europaea L. pro parte, Tilia parvifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Tilia sylvestris Desf., Tilia foemina folio minore Bauhin). Journal of Ecology 79:1147-1207 |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
Reference |
Pigott, C.D. 1991: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Tilia cordata Miller (Tilia europaea L. pro parte, Tilia parvifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Tilia sylvestris Desf., Tilia foemina folio minore Bauhin). Journal of Ecology 79:1147-1207 |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Anderson, G.J. 1976: The pollination biology of Tilia. American Journal of Botany 63:1203-1212 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
U (unknown mechanism) |
Reference |
unbekannt |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Anderson, G.J. 1976: The pollination biology of Tilia. American Journal of Botany 63:1203-1212 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Anderson, G.J. 1976: The pollination biology of Tilia. American Journal of Botany 63:1203-1212 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Pigott, C.D. 1991: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Tilia cordata Miller (Tilia europaea L. pro parte, Tilia parvifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Tilia sylvestris Desf., Tilia foemina folio minore Bauhin). Journal of Ecology 79:1147-1207 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
XF (facultative allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
P/O ratio » |
P/O ratio |
43500.0 |
Reference |
Pohl, F. 1937: Die Pollenerzeugung der Windblütler. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt, Abt. A 56:365-470 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
pale yellow |
Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
A (flowers with open nectar) Typical pollinators: beetles, flies, syrphids, wasps, medium tongued bees |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2a (disk flowers with nectar open) |
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Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FSt (infructescence) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
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Development of flat appendages |
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Development of elongated appendages |
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Development of additional appendages |
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Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
5.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
8.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
4.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
5.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
6.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
4.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
5.0 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
6.5 |
special references:
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Brzeziecki, B., Kienast, F. 1994: Classifying the life-history strategies of trees on the basis of the Grimian model. Forest Ecology and Management 69:167-187 (Gattung)
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Pigott, C.D. 1991: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Tilia cordata Miller (Tilia europaea L. pro parte, Tilia parvifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Tilia sylvestris Desf., Tilia foemina folio minore Bauhin). Journal of Ecology 79:1147-1207 (Gattung)
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Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
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Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
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Habitat » |
Habitat |
L5.2.3 (null) Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.2.1 (null) Alliance: Tilio platyphylli-Acerion pseudoplatani
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T1.1.2.2 (null) Alliance: Aceri-Tilietum cordatae
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Habitat |
T1.1.2.3 (null) Alliance: Carpinion betuli
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Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Class » |
English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
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English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
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English circumscription |
10.4 (Thermophilous dry oak forests) Class: Quercetea pubescentis-petraeae
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