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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl Poaceae » Gewwöhnlicher Glatthafer
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl accepted
Avena elata Salisb., non Forssk. 1775 Synonym
Holcus avenaceus Scop. Synonym
Arrhenatherum avenaceum (Scop.) P. Beauv. Synonym
Avena elatior L. Basionym
>Arrhenatherum elatius var. elatius accepted
>Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. elatius Synonym
>Arrhenatherum elatius var. subhirtus (Asch.) Podp. Synonym
>Avena elatius var. subhirta Asch. Synonym
>Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum (Willd.) Spenn. accepted
>Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. bulbosum (Willd.) Schübl. & Martens Synonym
>Avena bulbosa Willd. Basionym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 14
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type  
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 42
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type  
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 16.0
Chromosome number 28
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBABBBBAAABBAAAAAAABBBBBAA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Storage organs »
Storage organs h (Tuft)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Rosettes »
Rosettes h (Hemirosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245
Hensen, I. 1997: Life strategies of xerothermic grasslands - mechanisms of reproduction and colonization within Stipetum capillatae s.l. and Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. Feddes Repertorium 108:425-452
Wilhalm, T. 1995: A comparative study of clonal fragmentation in tussock-forming grasses. Abstr. Bot. 19:51-60
Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
Mühlberg, H. 1967: Die Wuchstypen mitteleuropäischer Poaceen. Hercynia N. F. 4:11-50
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form gras (grass-like)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 6
End of flowering (months) 10
Duration of flowering (months) 5
Number of flowering phases 2
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase)
Phenological season: start of early summer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively)
Reference Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245
Dicliny »
Dicliny am (andromonoecious)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy h (homogamous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility I+ (± self-incompatibel)
Reference Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245
Systematic reference species [S]
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SI (self-incompatibel)
Reference Smith, D.C. 1944: Pollination and seed formation in grasses. Journal of Agricultural Research 68:79-95
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility)
Reference de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector wi (wind)
Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance rare [4]
Reference Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Fryxell, P.M. 1957: Modes of reproduction of higher plants. The Botanical Review 23:135-233
P/O ratio »
P/O ratio 37124.0
Reference Pohl, F. 1937: Die Pollenerzeugung der Windblütler. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt, Abt. A 56:365-470
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER W (wind flowers)
Typical pollinators: -
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 0 (not applicable)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Nu (nut)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type TFSt (part of infructescence)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type F (fruit)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages sometimes [2]
Development of additional appendages  
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type TFSt (part of infructescence)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages always [1]
Development of additional appendages always [1]
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]  
Weight (mean) [mg] 2.4
Weight (maximum) [mg]  
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore TFSt (part of infructescence)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 2.6
Weight (mean) [mg] 3.3
Weight (maximum) [mg] 3.6
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore TFSt (part of infructescence)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 2.6
Weight (mean) [mg] 3.3
Weight (maximum) [mg] 3.6
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 2.6
Length (mean) [mm] 3.8
Length (maximum) [mm] 5.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Width (mean) [mm] 1.2
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.5
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Height (mean) [mm] 1.2
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.5
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore TFSt (part of infructescence)
Constraint True
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 6.8
Length (mean) [mm] 8.8
Length (maximum) [mm] 10.8
Width (minimum) [mm] 1.5
Width (mean) [mm] 2.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 3.5
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Height (mean) [mm] 1.3
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.8
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Häfliger, T.J., Scholz, H. 1981: Grass weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type c (competitors)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence GE (little used grasslands)
Guild G (grass)
Mowing tolerance 6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to mowing))
Grazing tolerance 3 (sensitive to grazing)
Trampling tolerance 3 (sensitive to trampling)
Foraging value 8 (between 7 and 9 (high to best forage value))
Foraging value for deer 4 (between 3 and 5 (little to intermediate forage value))
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 3
Oceanity »
Oceanity os (weak oceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 2
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat T1.1.2.5 (null)
Alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.3.3.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.3.4.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T3.1.6 (null)
Alliance: Calamagrostion villosae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T5.1.2.1 (null)
Alliance: Stipion calamagrostis
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7.1.2 (null)
Alliance: Arrhenatherion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T8.1.2.2 (null)
Alliance: Trifolion medii
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
English circumscription 05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
English circumscription 06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands)
Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
English circumscription 07.1 (Thermophilous and mesophilous forest grassland ecotones)
Class: Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei
English circumscription 07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities)
Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
English circumscription 09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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