search and information system
on vascular plants in Germany
a cooperation of
&
 

Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma (Willd.) DC. Asteraceae » Schwielen-Löwenzähne
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma (H. Lindb.) Dahlst. accepted
Taraxacum laevigatum agg. Synonym
Taraxacum subsect. Erythrosperma , sensu R. Doll Synonym
Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC., 'Hauptart' Synonym
Taraxacum laevigatum 'Sammelart' , p. max. p., excl. T. obliquum s.str, T. platyglossum Synonym
Taraxacum fulvum - group Synonym
Taraxacum simile - group Synonym
Taraxacum erythrospermum - group Synonym
Taraxacum levigatum agg. , incl. T. erythrospermum agg. Synonym
Taraxacum levigatum subsp. levigatum Synonym
Taraxacum erythrospermum , auct. germ. Synonym
Taraxacum erythrospermum - Gruppe Synonym
Taraxacum fulvum - Gruppe Synonym
Taraxacum simile - Gruppe Synonym
>Taraxacum franconicum Sahlin accepted
>Taraxacum discretum H. Ollg. accepted
>Taraxacum laetiforme , auct. Soest, non Dahlst. Synonym
>Taraxacum linguatifrons Markl. accepted
>Taraxacum grootii Soest accepted
>Taraxacum silesiacum Dahlst. ex G. E. Haglund accepted
>Taraxacum silesiacum Dahlst., nom. inval. (nim. nud.) Synonym
>Taraxacum taeniatum G. E. Haglund accepted
>Taraxacum tanyolobum Dahlst. accepted
>Taraxacum tenuilobum (Dahlst.) Dahlst. accepted
>Taraxacum erythrospermum subsp. tenuilobum Dahlst. Basionym
>Taraxacum tortilobum Florstr. accepted
>Taraxacum decipiens Raunk. accepted
>Taraxacum disseminatum G. E. Haglund accepted
>Taraxacum dissimile Dahlst. accepted
>Taraxacum divulsum G. E. Haglund accepted
>Taraxacum isophyllum G. E. Haglund accepted
>Taraxacum lacistophyllum (Dahlst.) Raunk. accepted
>Taraxacum erythrospermum subsp. lacistophyllum Dahlst. Basionym
>Taraxacum laetum (Dahlst.) Raunk. accepted
>Taraxacum erythrospermum subsp. laetum Dahlst. Basionym
>Taraxacum magnolevigatum W. Koch ex Soest accepted
>Taraxacum parvilobum Dahlst. accepted
>Taraxacum proximum (Dahlst.) Raunk. accepted
>Taraxacum erythrospermum subsp. proximum Dahlst. Basionym
>Taraxacum attenuatum Brenner Synonym
>Taraxacum praevnum Dahlst., nom. inval. (nom. nud.) Synonym
>Taraxacum brachyglossum (Dahlst.) Raunk. accepted
>Taraxacum erythrospermum subsp. brachyglossum Dahlst. Basionym
>Taraxacum commixtum G. E. Haglund accepted
>Taraxacum commutatum Dahlst., p. p., non Jord. 1852, nom. illeg. Synonym
>Taraxacum rubicundum (Dahlst.) Dahlst. accepted
>Taraxacum erythrospermum subsp. rubicundum Dahlst. Basionym
>Taraxacum saphycraspedum G. E. Haglund ex Saarsoo accepted
>Taraxacum scanicum Dahlst. accepted
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 8
Chromosome number 2n 16
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type D (diploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Loos, G.H., Jung, K., Wörz, A. 1996: Taraxacum Wiggers 1780, nom. conserv.. In: Sebald, O., Seybold, S., Philippi, G., Wörz, A. (Hrsg.) Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs, Vol. 6, S. 350-369, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 8
Chromosome number 2n 32
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 4 (tetraploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Loos, G.H., Jung, K., Wörz, A. 1996: Taraxacum Wiggers 1780, nom. conserv.. In: Sebald, O., Seybold, S., Philippi, G., Wörz, A. (Hrsg.) Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs, Vol. 6, S. 350-369, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 8
Chromosome number 2n 24
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race True
Ploidy level 3 (triploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Loos, G.H., Jung, K., Wörz, A. 1996: Taraxacum Wiggers 1780, nom. conserv.. In: Sebald, O., Seybold, S., Philippi, G., Wörz, A. (Hrsg.) Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs, Vol. 6, S. 350-369, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABABBABBABBABBBBAABD
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs p (Pleiocorm)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs r (Primary storage root)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses p (Pleiocorm)
Qualifier always [1]
Root metamorphoses »
Root metamorphoses r (Primary storage root)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes g (Rosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Hensen, I., Kentrup, M. 1998: Teucrio botryos-Melicetum ciliatae (Traubegamander-Wimpergrasflur) - Lebensstrategien in einer xerothemen Fels-Pioniergesellschaft. Tuexenia 18:217-236
Jäger, E.J. 1957: Über Wuchsform, Wuchsrhythmus und Verbreitung einheimischer Wiesenasteraceen. Dipl.-Arb. Univ. Halle.
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form fied (pinnatifid)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 4
End of flowering (months) 6
Duration of flowering (months) 3
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 3 (Prunus avium-Ranunculus auricomus-Phase)
Phenological season: end of early spring
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction s (by seed/by spore)
Reference Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production f (facultativ apomictic)
Reference Loos, G.H., Jung, K., Wörz, A. 1996: Taraxacum Wiggers 1780, nom. conserv.. In: Sebald, O., Seybold, S., Philippi, G., Wörz, A. (Hrsg.) Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs, Vol. 6, S. 350-369, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart
Type of apomixis »
Type of apomixis a (autonomous)
Reference Loos, G.H., Jung, K., Wörz, A. 1996: Taraxacum Wiggers 1780, nom. conserv.. In: Sebald, O., Seybold, S., Philippi, G., Wörz, A. (Hrsg.) Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs, Vol. 6, S. 350-369, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy a2 (protandrous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SI (self-incompatibel)
Reference Loos, G.H., Jung, K., Wörz, A. 1996: Taraxacum Wiggers 1780, nom. conserv.. In: Sebald, O., Seybold, S., Philippi, G., Wörz, A. (Hrsg.) Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs, Vol. 6, S. 350-369, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism SSI (sporophytic self-incompatibility)
Reference de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Loos, G.H., Jung, K., Wörz, A. 1996: Taraxacum Wiggers 1780, nom. conserv.. In: Sebald, O., Seybold, S., Philippi, G., Wörz, A. (Hrsg.) Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Baden-Württembergs, Vol. 6, S. 350-369, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour pale yellow
Basic flower colour g (yellow)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 4 (28-39 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 1 (UV reflectance pattern present)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER B` (flower associations with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumble bees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 7.2b (flower heads, Asteraceae, only ray flowers)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Nu (nut)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type F (fruit)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages always [1]
Development of additional appendages  
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages always [1]
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.3
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.3
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.3
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.3
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.3
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.3
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 11.5
Length (mean) [mm] 11.9
Length (maximum) [mm] 12.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Width (mean) [mm] 0.9
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.4
Height (mean) [mm] 0.4
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.6
special references:
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Böttner, I., Frey, W., Hensen, I. 1997: Carex humilis-Gesellschaft im unteren Unstruttal (mitteldeutsches Trockengebiet) - Lebensstrategien einer xerothermen Vegetationseinheit. Feddes Repertorium 108:7; 583-8; 602 (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
McDonald, A.W., Bakker, J.P., Vegelin, K. 1996: Seed bank classification and ist importance for the restoration of species-rich flood-meadows. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:157-164 (Gattung)
Hensen, I., Kentrup, M. 1998: Teucrio botryos-Melicetum ciliatae (Traubegamander-Wimpergrasflur) - Lebensstrategien in einer xerothemen Fels-Pioniergesellschaft. Tuexenia 18:217-236 (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type csr (competitors/stress-tolerators/ruderals)
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 3
Oceanity »
Oceanity sos (weak suboceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: extreme central continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
Floristic region wa (Western Asia)
Continent of floristic region: a (Asien)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby o (oligohemerobic)
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 3
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat H1.2.2.5.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat H1.2.2.7.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.3.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.3.3.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.4.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T6.1.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T6.2.2.2 (null)
Alliance: Brometalia erecti
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T6.2.2.4 (null)
Alliance: Koelerio-Corynephoretea p.p.
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7.1.1 (null)
Alliance: Festuco commutatae-Cynosuretum u.a.
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7.4.2 (null)
Alliance: Polygono-Poetea annuae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T8.2.2.1 (null)
Alliance: Berteroetum incanae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T9.1.2.1.3 (null)
Alliance: u. a. Geranion-Allietum vinealis
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T9.1.9.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T9.5.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 05.2 (Pioneer communities of hair-grasses)
Class: Koelerio-Corynephoretea
English circumscription 05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
English circumscription 06.4 (Annual ruderal communities)
Class: Sisymbrietea officinalis
English circumscription 06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands)
Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


Display of complete information for the selected species. Only traits available for the selected species are displayed.