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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Ranunculus penicillatus (Dumort.) Bab. Ranunculaceae » Pinselblättriger Wasserhahnenfuß
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Ranunculus penicillatus (Dumort.) Bab. accepted
Ranunculus pseudofluitans (Syme) Baker & Foggitt Synonym
Batrachium penicillatum Dumort. Basionym
<Ranunculus aquatilis agg. accepted
<Ranunculus subg. Batrachium (DC.) A. Gray Synonym
<Ranunculus sect. Batrachium DC. Synonym
<Ranunculus aquatilis 'Sammelart' Synonym
>Ranunculus penicillatus subsp. penicillatus accepted
>Ranunculus penicillatus var. penicillatus Synonym
>Ranunculus aquatilis subsp. marizii Cout. Synonym
>Ranunculus fluitans var. heterophyllus Coss. & Germ. Synonym
>Ranunculus penicillatus subsp. pseudofluitans (Syme) S. D. Webster accepted
>Ranunculus aquatilis var. pseudofluitans Syme Basionym
>Ranunculus penicillatus var. calcareus (Butcher) C. D. K. Cook Synonym
>Ranunculus penicillatus var. vertumnus C. D. K. Cook Synonym
>Ranunculus heterophyllus subsp. pseudofluitans (Syme) Moore & More Synonym
>Ranunculus pseudofluitans (Syme) Newbould ex Baker & Foggitt Synonym
>Ranunculus calcareus Butcher Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 8
Chromosome number 2n 16
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type D (diploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208
Basic chromosome number 8
Chromosome number 2n 48
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 8
Chromosome number 2n 32
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 4 (tetraploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 9.8
Chromosome number 32
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBABBBBABBABCABAC
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form A (Hydrophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life form T (Therophyte)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Life span »
Life span a (annual)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation a (Runner)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Vegetative propagation fr (Fragmentation)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Storage organs »
Storage organs a (Runner)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses a (Runner)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Rosettes »
Rosettes r (Erosulate plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Cook, C.D.K. 1966: A monographic study of Ranunculus subgen. Batrachium. Mitt. Bot. Staatssammlung Mnchen 6:47-237
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence i (persistent green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy a (hydromorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form gefie (pinnate)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 5
End of flowering (months) 9
Duration of flowering (months) 5
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 0 (not available)
Phenological season: not available
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction sv (by seed and vegetatively)
Reference Dahlgren, G. 1995: Differentiation patterns in Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium (Rancunculaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution Suppl. 9:305-317
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: Sexuelle Samenproduktion, da keine Apomikten in Gattung bekannt
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Dahlgren, G. 1992: Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium on the Aegean islands and adjacent areas: nectary types and breeding system. Nordic Journal of Botany 12:299-310
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy g1 (slightly protogynous)
Reference Dahlgren, G. 1992: Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium on the Aegean islands and adjacent areas: nectary types and breeding system. Nordic Journal of Botany 12:299-310
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference Dahlgren, G. 1992: Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium on the Aegean islands and adjacent areas: nectary types and breeding system. Nordic Journal of Botany 12:299-310
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance often [3]
Reference Dahlgren, G. 1992: Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium on the Aegean islands and adjacent areas: nectary types and breeding system. Nordic Journal of Botany 12:299-310
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Dahlgren, G. 1992: Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium on the Aegean islands and adjacent areas: nectary types and breeding system. Nordic Journal of Botany 12:299-310
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system AFXF (mixed mating)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb.
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Dahlgren, G. 1992: Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium on the Aegean islands and adjacent areas: nectary types and breeding system. Nordic Journal of Botany 12:299-310
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Floral rewards 2 (pollen)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: pers. obs.
Amount of floral reward 4 (plenty)
Flower color »
Flower colour white, bottom yellow
Basic flower colour w (white)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER AB (flowers with partly hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: syrphids, bees
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 1.2bc (disk flowers with nectar ± hidden nectaries at base of petals)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type SaNu (aggregate nutlets)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type Fch (fruitlet)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type Fch (fruitlet)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages sometimes [2]
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore Fch (fruitlet)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]  
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.4
Weight (maximum) [mg]  
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore Fch (fruitlet)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]  
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.4
Weight (maximum) [mg]  
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore Fch (fruitlet)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]  
Length (mean) [mm] 1.6
Length (maximum) [mm]  
Width (minimum) [mm]  
Width (mean) [mm] 1.0
Width (maximum) [mm]  
Height (minimum) [mm]  
Height (mean) [mm]  
Height (maximum) [mm]  
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore Fch (fruitlet)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]  
Length (mean) [mm] 1.6
Length (maximum) [mm]  
Width (minimum) [mm]  
Width (mean) [mm] 1.0
Width (maximum) [mm]  
Height (minimum) [mm]  
Height (mean) [mm]  
Height (maximum) [mm]  
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Taylor, K., Markham, B. 1978: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ranunculus ficaria L. (Ficaria verna Huds.; Ficaria ranunculoides Moench). Journal of Ecology 66:1011-1031 (Gattung)
Harper, J.L. 1957: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ranunculus acris L. (Ranunculus acer auct. plur.). Journal of Ecology 45:289-314 (Gattung)
Harper, J.L. 1957: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ranunculus repens L.. Journal of Ecology 45:314-325 (Gattung)
Harper, J.L. 1957: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ranunculus bulbosus L.. Journal of Ecology 45:325-342 (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Berggren, G. 1981: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 3 (Salicaceae-Cruciferaceae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
Bresinsky, A. 1963: Bau, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Inhaltsstoffe der Elaiosomen. Studien zur myrmekochoren Verbreitung von Samen und Früchten. Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 126. (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
Häfliger, T.J., Wolf, M. 1988: Dicot Weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
McDonald, A.W., Bakker, J.P., Vegelin, K. 1996: Seed bank classification and ist importance for the restoration of species-rich flood-meadows. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:157-164 (Gattung)
Müller, P. 1955: Verbreitungsbiologie (Diasporologie) der Blütenpflanzen. Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes Rübel Zürich . Verlag Hans Huber, Bern. (Gattung)
Salisbury, E.J. 1974: Seed size and mass in relation to environment. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series B 186:83-88 (Gattung)
Vogler, P. 1901: Ueber die Verbreitungsmittel der schweizerischen Alpenpflanzen. Flora 89 (Ergänzungsband zum Jg.1901):1-137 (Gattung)
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type  
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 2
Oceanity »
Oceanity os (weak oceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 0
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity  
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat L4.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat L4.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 01.2 (Communities of aquatic plants rooting in the bed)
Class: Potamogetonetea pectinati
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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