species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Mercurialis perennis L. |
Euphorbiaceae » |
Wald-Bingelkraut
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Mercurialis perennis L. |
accepted |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
86 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Rothmaler, W. 1990: Exkursionsflora. Band 4, Kritischer Band. 8. Aufl., Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
65 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
8 (octoploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
58 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Rothmaler, W. 1990: Exkursionsflora. Band 4, Kritischer Band. 8. Aufl., Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
77 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
10 (decaploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
66 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
8 (octoploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
84 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
10 (decaploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Rothmaler, W. 1990: Exkursionsflora. Band 4, Kritischer Band. 8. Aufl., Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
64 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
8 (octoploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Rothmaler, W. 1990: Exkursionsflora. Band 4, Kritischer Band. 8. Aufl., Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
56 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
54 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
52 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
64 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
8 (octoploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
78 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
10 (decaploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
62 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
8 (octoploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
79 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
10 (decaploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
83 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
10 (decaploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
80 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
True |
Ploidy level |
10 (decaploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430 |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
42 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
5 (pentaploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
4.7 |
Chromosome number |
64 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1976: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 274:227-274 |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
G (Geophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
a (Runner) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
a (Runner) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
a (Runner) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Mukerji, S.K. 1936: Contribution to the autecology of Mercurialis perennis. Journal of Ecology 24:38-81
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Warming, E. 1918: Om Jordudløbere. K. Dansk. Selsk. Vidensk. Skr. , Naturvid. og Mathem. Afd. 8. R. II:295-378
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Hutchings, M.J., Barkham, J.P. 1976: An investigation of shoot interactions in Mercurialis perennis L., a rhizomatous perennial herb. Journal of Ecology 64:723-743
|
Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
|
Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
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Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
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|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
4 |
End of flowering (months) |
5 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
2 (Acer platanoides-Anemone nemorosa-Phase) Phenological season: start of early spring |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Proctor, M.C.F., Yeo, P., Lack, A. 1996: The natural history of pollination. HarperCollins Publishers, London |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
do (dioecious) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g2 (protogynous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Daumann, E. 1972: Zur Blütenmorphologie und Bestäubungsökologie von Mercurialis L.. Preslia (Praha) 44:308-315 |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
1 (none) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
yellow green, green |
Basic flower colour |
gr (green) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
W (wind flowers) Typical pollinators: - |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
always [1] |
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
11.4 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
11.4 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.9 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.9 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
|
Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
|
Lisci, M., Bianchini, M., Pacini, E. 1996: Structure and function of the elaiosome in some angiosperm species. Flora 191:141 (Gattung)
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
Pacini, E. 1990: Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae) seed interactions with the ant Messor structor (Latr.), Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 39:253-262 (Gattung)
|
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
L5.2.3 (null) Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.1 (null) Alliance: Fagion sylvaticae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
|
English circumscription |
10.4 (Thermophilous dry oak forests) Class: Quercetea pubescentis-petraeae
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Display of complete information for the selected species. Only traits available for the selected species are displayed.
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