| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Lythrum salicaria L. |
Lythraceae » |
Blut-Weiderich
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Lythrum salicaria L. |
accepted |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
5 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
30 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
|
| Ploidy type |
|
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation » |
| Vegetative propagation |
rp (Rhizome-like pleiocorm) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Storage organs » |
| Storage organs |
rp (Rhizome-like pleiocorm) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Shoot metamorphoses » |
| Shoot metamorphoses |
rp (Rhizome-like pleiocorm) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Mal, T.K., Lovett-Doust, J., Lovett-Doust, L., Mulligan, G.A. 1992: The biology of Canadian weeds. 100. Lythrum salicaria. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72:1305-1330
|
| Stevens, K.J., Peterson, R.L., Stephenson, G.R. 1997: Vegetative propagation and the tissues involved in lateral spread of Lythrum salicaria. Aquatic Botany 56:11-24
|
| Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
|
| Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
|
| Glück, H. 1911: Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen über Wasser- und Sumpfgewächse. 3. Aufl., Jena
|
| Kutschera, L., Lichtenegger, E. 1992: Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Grünlandpflanzen. Bd. 2 Pteridophyta und Dicotyledonae (Magnoliopsida). Teil I Morphologie, Anatomie, Ökologie, Verbreitung, Soziologie, Wirtschaft. Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena, New York
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
| End of flowering (months) |
9 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase)
Phenological season: midsummer |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
| Reference |
Mal, T.K., Lovett-Doust, J., Lovett-Doust, L., Mulligan, G.A. 1992: The biology of Canadian weeds. 100. Lythrum salicaria. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72:1305-1330 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Mal, T.K., Lovett-Doust, J., Lovett-Doust, L., Mulligan, G.A. 1992: The biology of Canadian weeds. 100. Lythrum salicaria. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72:1305-1330 |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Heterostyly » |
| Heterostyly |
t (tristylous)
Hetero/homostyly: e |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
| Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| SI mechanism » |
| SI mechanism |
HSI (heteromorphic self-incompatibility) |
| Reference |
Barrett, S.C.H., Cruzan, M.B. 1994: Incompatibility in heterstylous plants. In: Williams, E.G., Clarke, A.E., Knox, R.B. (Hrsg.) Genetic control of self-incompatibility and reproductive development in flowering plants, S. 219-, Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
often [3] |
| Reference |
Mulcahy, D.L., Caporello, D. 1970: Pollen flow within a tristylous species: Lythrum salicaria. American Journal of Botany 57:1027-1030 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Mal, T.K., Lovett-Doust, J., Lovett-Doust, L., Mulligan, G.A. 1992: The biology of Canadian weeds. 100. Lythrum salicaria. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72:1305-1330 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
| Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
purple red |
| Basic flower colour |
pu (purple) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
6 (67-85 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
1 (UV reflectance pattern present) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
B (flowers with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
2.1 (funnel flowers, large) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
S (seed) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.0 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.1 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.1 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.0 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.1 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.1 |
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.3 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.4 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.3 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.4 |
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Mal, T.K., Lovett-Doust, J., Lovett-Doust, L., Mulligan, G.A. 1992: The biology of Canadian weeds. 100. Lythrum salicaria. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72:1305-1330 (Gattung)
|
| Salisbury, E.J. 1968: The reproductive biology and occosional seasonal dimorphism of Anagallis minima and Lythrum hyssopifolia. Watsonia 7:25-39 (Gattung)
|
| Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
|
| Stockey, A., Hunt, R. 1994: Predicting secondary succession in wetland mesocosms on the basis of autecological information on seeds and seedlings. Journal of Applied Ecology 31:543-559 (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
N (fallow lands) |
| Guild |
K (forb) |
| Mowing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to mowing) |
| Grazing tolerance |
1 (intolerant to grazing) |
| Trampling tolerance |
1 (intolerant to trampling) |
| Foraging value |
3 (little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
|
|
| Floristic zone and altitudinal level » |
| Floristic zone |
u (austral and/or antarctic) |
| Altitudinal level |
|
| Status |
natural range |
| Floristic zone |
o (subtropical) |
| Altitudinal level |
|
| Status |
natural range |
| Floristic zone |
m (meridional) |
| Altitudinal level |
|
| Status |
natural range |
| Floristic zone |
e (submeridional) |
| Altitudinal level |
|
| Status |
natural range |
| Floristic zone |
p (southern temperate) |
| Altitudinal level |
|
| Status |
natural range |
| Floristic zone |
n (northern temperate) |
| Altitudinal level |
|
| Status |
natural range |
| Floristic zone |
b (boreal) |
| Altitudinal level |
|
| Status |
natural range |
| Number of inhabited floristic zones » |
| Number of inhabited floristic zones |
6 |
| Oceanity » |
| Oceanity |
sos (weak suboceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: extreme central continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate |
| Status |
natural range |
| Floristic region » |
| Floristic region |
a (Asia)
Continent of floristic region: a (Asien) |
| Status |
natural range |
| Floristic region |
e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa) |
| Status |
natural range |
| Floristic region |
m (Americas)
Continent of floristic region: m (Amerika) |
| Status |
anthropogenic range |
| Floristic region |
of (Eastern Africa)
Continent of floristic region: f (Afrika) |
| Status |
natural range |
| Floristic region |
u (Australia/New Zealand)
Continent of floristic region: u (Australien/Neuseeland) |
| Status |
natural range |
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
L3.1.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
L3.2.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
L3.9.5 (null)
Alliance: Phragmition australis
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
L4.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
L5.2.5.4 (null)
Alliance: Filipendulion
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T7.3 (null)
Alliance: Monilietalia coeruleae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
01.6 (Communities of reeds and tall sedges)
Class: Phragmito-Magnocaricetea
|
| English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
| English circumscription |
05.5 (Communities of flooded and trampled grasslands)
Class: Agrostietea stoloniferae
|
| English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas)
Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
| English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities)
Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
|
| English circumscription |
09.3 (Willow marsh shrublands)
Class: Carici-Salicetea cinereae
|
|
|
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