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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Leontodon hispidus L. Asteraceae » Rauer Löwenzahn
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Leontodon hispidus L. accepted
>Leontodon hispidus subsp. hispidus accepted
>Leontodon hispidus subsp. hyoseroides (Rchb.) Murr accepted
>Leontodon hyoseroides Welw. ex Rchb. Basionym
>Leontodon hispidus var. hyoseroides (Rchb.) Bisch. Synonym
>Leontodon hispidus subsp. opimus (Koch) Finch & P. D. Sell accepted
>Leontodon danubialis var. opimus W. D. J. Koch Synonym
>Leontodon hispidus var. opimus (Koch) Bisch. Synonym
>Leontodon hispidus subsp. pseudocrispus (Bisch.) Murr accepted
>Leontodon pseudocrispus Bisch. Basionym
>Leontodon hispidus var. crispatus (Godr.) Schinz & Thell. Synonym
>Leontodon hispidus subsp. danubialis (Jacq.) Simonk. accepted
>Leontodon danubialis Jacq. Basionym
>Leontodon hispidus subsp. hastilis (L.) Rchb. Synonym
>Leontodon hispidus subsp. glabratus (W. D. J. Koch) Holub Synonym
>Leontodon hastilis L. Synonym
>Leontodon hastilis var. glabratus W. D. J. Koch Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 14
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type D (diploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 5.0
Chromosome number 14
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1995: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Annals of Botany 76:113-176
DNA content (pg/2C) 5.6
Chromosome number 14
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 False
Reference Grime, J.P., Shacklock, J.M.L., Band, S.R. 1985: Nuclear DNA contents, shoot phenology and species co-existence in a limestone grassland community. New Phytologist 100:435-445
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABABBABBABBABBBBBBAAAC
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes g (Rosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Pokarzhevskaya, G.A. 1995: Morphological analysis of alpine communities of the North-western Caucasus. Folia Geobotanica Phytotaxonomica 30:197-210
Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
Kutschera, L., Lichtenegger, E. 1992: Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Grünlandpflanzen. Bd. 2 Pteridophyta und Dicotyledonae (Magnoliopsida). Teil I Morphologie, Anatomie, Ökologie, Verbreitung, Soziologie, Wirtschaft. Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena, New York
Jäger, E.J. 1957: Über Wuchsform, Wuchsrhythmus und Verbreitung einheimischer Wiesenasteraceen. Dipl.-Arb. Univ. Halle.
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form fied (pinnatifid)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 6
End of flowering (months) 10
Duration of flowering (months) 5
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase)
Phenological season: start of early summer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction sv (by seed and vegetatively)
Reference Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference de Groot, J. 1977: Variation and reproductive behaviour in some Swiss populations of Leontodon hispidus L. s.l. - a preliminary report. Berichte Geobotanisches Institut Rübel 45:147
Type of seed production a (mostly sexual, rarely apomictic)
Reference Bergman, B. 1932: Aposporie bei Picris hieracioides und Leontodon hispidus. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 26:453-457
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy a2 (protandrous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility I+ (± self-incompatibel)
Reference de Groot, J. 1977: Variation and reproductive behaviour in some Swiss populations of Leontodon hispidus L. s.l. - a preliminary report. Berichte Geobotanisches Institut Rübel 45:147
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism SSI (sporophytic self-incompatibility)
Reference de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour golden yellow
Basic flower colour g (yellow)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 5 (40-66 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 1 (UV reflectance pattern present)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER B` (flower associations with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumble bees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 7.2b (flower heads, Asteraceae, only ray flowers)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Nu (nut)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type F (fruit)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages always [1]
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]  
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.8
Weight (maximum) [mg]  
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 1.1
Weight (mean) [mg] 1.2
Weight (maximum) [mg] 1.4
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 1.1
Weight (mean) [mg] 1.2
Weight (maximum) [mg] 1.4
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 4.5
Length (mean) [mm] 6.2
Length (maximum) [mm] 8.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Width (mean) [mm] 0.7
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.2
Height (mean) [mm] 0.4
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.5
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]  
Length (mean) [mm] 12.4
Length (maximum) [mm]  
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Width (mean) [mm] 0.7
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.2
Height (mean) [mm] 0.4
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.5
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]  
Length (mean) [mm] 12.4
Length (maximum) [mm]  
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Width (mean) [mm] 0.7
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.2
Height (mean) [mm] 0.4
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.5
special references:
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
McDonald, A.W., Bakker, J.P., Vegelin, K. 1996: Seed bank classification and ist importance for the restoration of species-rich flood-meadows. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:157-164 (Gattung)
Vogler, P. 1901: Ueber die Verbreitungsmittel der schweizerischen Alpenpflanzen. Flora 89 (Ergänzungsband zum Jg.1901):1-137 (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type csr (competitors/stress-tolerators/ruderals)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence GE (little used grasslands)
Guild K (forb)
Mowing tolerance 5 (moderately tolerant to mowing)
Grazing tolerance 5 (moderately tolerant to grazing)
Trampling tolerance 5 (moderately tolerant to trampling)
Foraging value 6 (between 6 and 8 (intermediate to high forage value))
Foraging value for deer 5 (intermediate forage value)
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 3
Oceanity »
Oceanity os (weak oceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby o (oligohemerobic)
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 3
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat L5.1.1 (null)
Alliance: Epilobion fleischeri
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat L5.1.2 (null)
Alliance: Salicion eleagni
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T3.1.6 (null)
Alliance: Calamagrostion villosae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted True
Annotation  
Habitat T3.4.2.2 (null)
Alliance: Caricion ferrugineae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T5.1 (null)
Alliance: Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation feucht
Habitat T5.1.2.2.1 (null)
Alliance: Thlaspion rotundifolii
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7.1.3 (null)
Alliance: Polygono-Trisetion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7.3.5 (null)
Alliance: Calthion p.p.
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 04.3 (Communities of boulders and scree)
Class: Thlaspietea rotundifolii
English circumscription 05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
English circumscription 05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
English circumscription 10.7 (Snow-heather pine-forests)
Class: Erico-Pinetea
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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