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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Frangula alnus Mill. Rhamnaceae » Faulbaum
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Frangula alnus Mill. accepted
Rhamnus frangula L. Nomen Substitutum
>Frangula alnus var. elliptica Meinh. accepted
>Frangula alnus subsp. elliptica (Meinh.) R. Knapp, nom. inval. (sine basion.) Synonym
>Frangula alnus var. alnus accepted
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 10
Chromosome number 2n 20
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type D (diploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 11
Chromosome number 2n 22
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 11
Chromosome number 2n 26
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABBBABBABBAA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form N (Nanophanerophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation ws (Root shoot)
Qualifier always [1]
Root metamorphoses »
Root metamorphoses ws (Root shoot)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes r (Erosulate plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Godwin, H. 1943: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnus frangula L.). Journal of Ecology 31:77-92
Beijerinck, M.W. 1887: Beobachtungen und Betrachtungen über Wurzelknospen und Nebenwurzeln. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. , Afd. Natuurk. , Tweede Sect. 25:1-146
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form norm (simple)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 5
End of flowering (months) 6
Duration of flowering (months) 2
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase)
Phenological season: start of early summer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction s (by seed/by spore)
Reference Godwin, H. 1943: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnus frangula L.). Journal of Ecology 31:77-92
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb.
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Godwin, H. 1943: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnus frangula L.). Journal of Ecology 31:77-92
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy h (homogamous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy a2 (protandrous)
Reference Godwin, H. 1943: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnus frangula L.). Journal of Ecology 31:77-92
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SI (self-incompatibel)
Reference Medan, D. 1994: Reproductive biology of Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae) in southern Spain. Plant Systematics and Evolution 193:173-186
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism U (unknown mechanism)
Reference unbekannt
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb.
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI
P/O ratio »
P/O ratio 6570.0
Reference Medan, D. 1994: Reproductive biology of Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae) in southern Spain. Plant Systematics and Evolution 193:173-186
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour pale green
Basic flower colour gr (green)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 2 (8-15 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 2 (8-15 %)
UV reflection pattern 0 (no UV reflectance patterns)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER AD (transition type flowers with open nectar - fly flowers)
Typical pollinators: flies
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 1.2a (disk flowers with nectar open)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type StF (drupe)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type F (fruit)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type FT (part of fruit)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]  
Weight (mean) [mg] 493.6
Weight (maximum) [mg]  
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FT (part of fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 15.8
Weight (mean) [mg] 16.7
Weight (maximum) [mg] 18.0
Sizes »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 6.0
Length (mean) [mm] 8.0
Length (maximum) [mm] 10.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 6.0
Width (mean) [mm] 8.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 10.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 6.0
Height (mean) [mm] 8.0
Height (maximum) [mm] 10.0
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FT (part of fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 3.8
Length (mean) [mm] 4.8
Length (maximum) [mm] 6.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 3.0
Width (mean) [mm] 4.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 5.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 1.8
Height (mean) [mm] 2.0
Height (maximum) [mm] 2.8
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Godwin, H. 1943: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnus frangula L.). Journal of Ecology 31:77-92 (Gattung)
Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type c (competitors)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence W (forest edges and related ecotones)
Guild H (woody plant)
Mowing tolerance 2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to mowing))
Grazing tolerance 3 (sensitive to grazing)
Trampling tolerance 9 (very tolerant to trampling)
Foraging value 2 (no or little forage value)
Foraging value for deer  
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 4
Oceanity »
Oceanity sos (weak suboceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: extreme central continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
Floristic region wa (Western Asia)
Continent of floristic region: a (Asien)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby o (oligohemerobic)
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 2
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat L5.2.3 (null)
Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T1.1.2.5 (null)
Alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T1.4.1.3 (null)
Alliance: Erico-Pinion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T1.4.3.1 (null)
Alliance: Vaccino-Piceion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T2.1.2 (null)
Alliance: Prunetalia spinosae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 09.2 (Acidic deciduous bush communities)
Class: Franguletea
English circumscription 09.3 (Willow marsh shrublands)
Class: Carici-Salicetea cinereae
English circumscription 09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
English circumscription 10.1 (Alder marsh woodlands)
Class: Alnetea glutinosae
English circumscription 10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
English circumscription 10.3 (Birch-oak forests)
Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
English circumscription 10.7 (Snow-heather pine-forests)
Class: Erico-Pinetea
English circumscription 10.9 (Bog bilberry pine-forests)
Class: Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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