species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Frangula alnus Mill. |
Rhamnaceae » |
Faulbaum
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Frangula alnus Mill. |
accepted |
Rhamnus frangula L. |
Nomen Substitutum |
>Frangula alnus var. elliptica Meinh. |
accepted |
>Frangula alnus subsp. elliptica (Meinh.) R. Knapp, nom. inval. (sine basion.) |
Synonym |
>Frangula alnus var. alnus |
accepted |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
10 |
Chromosome number 2n |
20 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
11 |
Chromosome number 2n |
22 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
11 |
Chromosome number 2n |
26 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
6 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase) Phenological season: start of early summer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
Godwin, H. 1943: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnus frangula L.). Journal of Ecology 31:77-92 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Godwin, H. 1943: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnus frangula L.). Journal of Ecology 31:77-92 |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
Reference |
Godwin, H. 1943: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnus frangula L.). Journal of Ecology 31:77-92 |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Medan, D. 1994: Reproductive biology of Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae) in southern Spain. Plant Systematics and Evolution 193:173-186 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
U (unknown mechanism) |
Reference |
unbekannt |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI |
P/O ratio » |
P/O ratio |
6570.0 |
Reference |
Medan, D. 1994: Reproductive biology of Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae) in southern Spain. Plant Systematics and Evolution 193:173-186 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
pale green |
Basic flower colour |
gr (green) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
AD (transition type flowers with open nectar - fly flowers) Typical pollinators: flies |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2a (disk flowers with nectar open) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
StF (drupe) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
F (fruit) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FT (part of fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
493.6 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FT (part of fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
15.8 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
16.7 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
18.0 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
8.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
10.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
8.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
10.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
8.0 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
10.0 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FT (part of fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.8 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
4.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
6.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
4.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
5.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
2.0 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
2.8 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
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Godwin, H. 1943: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnus frangula L.). Journal of Ecology 31:77-92 (Gattung)
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Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
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Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
W (forest edges and related ecotones) |
Guild |
H (woody plant) |
Mowing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to grazing) |
Trampling tolerance |
9 (very tolerant to trampling) |
Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
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|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
L5.2.3 (null) Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.2.5 (null) Alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.4.1.3 (null) Alliance: Erico-Pinion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.4.3.1 (null) Alliance: Vaccino-Piceion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T2.1.2 (null) Alliance: Prunetalia spinosae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
09.2 (Acidic deciduous bush communities) Class: Franguletea
|
English circumscription |
09.3 (Willow marsh shrublands) Class: Carici-Salicetea cinereae
|
English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
English circumscription |
10.1 (Alder marsh woodlands) Class: Alnetea glutinosae
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English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
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English circumscription |
10.3 (Birch-oak forests) Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
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English circumscription |
10.7 (Snow-heather pine-forests) Class: Erico-Pinetea
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English circumscription |
10.9 (Bog bilberry pine-forests) Class: Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea
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