species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. |
Polygonaceae » |
Japanischer Flügelknöterich
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. |
accepted |
Reynoutria japonica Houtt. |
Basionym |
Polygonum sieboldii Reinw. ex de Vries, non Meisn. |
Synonym |
Polygonum zuccarinii Small |
Synonym |
Polygonum reynoutria Makino, nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. |
Synonym |
Pleuropterus cuspidatus (Siebold & Zucc.) H. Gross |
Synonym |
Tiniaria cuspidata (Houtt.) Hedb. |
Synonym |
>Fallopia japonica var. japonica |
accepted |
>Fallopia japonica var. compacta (Hook. f.) J. P. Bailey |
accepted |
>Polygonum compactum Hook. f. |
Basionym |
>Reynoutria japonica var. compacta (Hook. f.) Moldenke |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
11 |
Chromosome number 2n |
88 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
8 (octoploid) |
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
11 |
Chromosome number 2n |
44 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
2.6 |
Chromosome number |
44 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1995: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Annals of Botany 76:113-176 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
6.5 |
Chromosome number |
44 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1995: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Annals of Botany 76:113-176 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
3.1 |
Chromosome number |
44 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1995: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Annals of Botany 76:113-176 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
3.4 |
Chromosome number |
44 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
G (Geophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
fr (Fragmentation) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Beerling, D.J., Bailey, J.P., Conolly, A.P. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.; Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb & Zucc.). Journal of Ecology 82:959-979
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Sukopp, H., Schick, B. 1993: Zur Biologie neophytischer Reynoutria-Arten in Mitteleuropa. II. Morphometrie der Sproßsysteme. Dissertationes Botanicae 196:163-174
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Kretz, M. 1996: Kontrollmethoden zur Eindämmung von Reynoutria. Beitr. Akad. Natur- und Umweltschutz Baden-Wrttemberg 22:49-54
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Bauer, M. 1996: Verbreitung neophytischer Knötericharten an Fließgewässern in Baden-Württemberg. Beitr. Akad. Natur- und Umweltschutz Baden-Wrttemberg 22:41-48
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Hagemann, W. 1996: Wuchsform und individuelle Bekämpfung des Japanknöterichs durch Herbizidinjektionen: ein vorlläufiger Bericht. Beitr. Akad. Natur- u. Umweltsch. Bad. -Wrtt. 22:66-72
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|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
End of flowering (months) |
9 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
9 (Hedera-Solidago-Phase) Phenological season: early autumn |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed) |
Reference |
Haber, E. 1999: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 12. Japanese Knotweed. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factbamb.html |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Haber, E. 1999: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 12. Japanese Knotweed. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factbamb.html |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
gd (gynodioecious) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Haber, E. 1999: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 12. Japanese Knotweed. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factbamb.html |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Haber, E. 1999: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 12. Japanese Knotweed. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factbamb.html |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
U (unknown mechanism) |
Reference |
unbekannt |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Haber, E. 1999: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 12. Japanese Knotweed. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factbamb.html |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Haber, E. 1999: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 12. Japanese Knotweed. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factbamb.html |
Amount of floral reward |
4 (plenty) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
white |
Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
B (flowers with totally hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
3.2 (bell shaped flowers with sticky pollen) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
always [1] |
Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
3.5 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
4.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
|
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
Beerling, D.J., Bailey, J.P., Conolly, A.P. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.; Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb & Zucc.). Journal of Ecology 82:959-979 (Species)
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Berggren, G. 1981: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 3 (Salicaceae-Cruciferaceae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
|
Häfliger, T.J., Wolf, M. 1988: Dicot Weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
N (fallow lands) |
Guild |
K (forb) |
Mowing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to mowing) |
Grazing tolerance |
7 (well tolerant to grazing) |
Trampling tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
|
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
L4.1 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
vor allem im Gebirge |
Habitat |
L5.2.2 (null) Alliance: Salicetum albo-fragilis
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
L5.2.3 (null) Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T8.2.1.1 (null) Alliance: Aegopodion podagrariae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T8.2.2 (null) Alliance: Artemisietea vulgaris
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
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Class » |
English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands) Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
|
English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities) Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
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