species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz s. str. |
Orchidaceae » |
Breitblättrige Stendelwurz
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz |
accepted |
Epipactis viridiflora (Hoffm.) Rchb. |
Synonym |
Epipactis helleborine var. viridiflora (Hoffm.) Mansf. |
Synonym |
Epipactis latifolia (L.) All. |
Synonym |
Serapias latifolia (L.) L. |
Synonym |
Serapias helleborine L. |
Basionym |
Serapias helleborine var. latifolia L. |
Synonym |
Serapias viridiflora Hoffm. |
Synonym |
<Epipactis helleborine agg. |
accepted |
<Epipactis helleborine 'Sammelart' |
Synonym |
<Epipactis helleborine - Gruppe |
Synonym |
<Epipactis latifolia (L.) All., s. l. p. p. |
Synonym |
>Epipactis helleborine subsp. helleborine |
accepted |
>Epipactis helleborine subsp. neerlandica (Verm.) Buttler |
accepted |
>Epipactis helleborine var. neerlandica Verm. |
Basionym |
>Epipactis neerlandica (Verm.) J. & P. Devilliers-Terschuren |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
22 |
Chromosome number 2n |
44 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
19 |
Chromosome number 2n |
38 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
18 |
Chromosome number 2n |
36 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
20 |
Chromosome number 2n |
40 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
G (Geophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Dijk, E., Willems, J.H., van Andel, J. 1997: Nutrient responses as a key factor to the ecology of orchid species. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 46:339-363
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Möller, O. 1987: Vom Samenkorn bis zur ersten echten Knolle: Das Protocormstadium von Orchis mascula. Die Orchidee 38:297-302
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Fuchs, A., Ziegenspeck, H. 1926: Entwicklungsgeschichte der Axen der einheimischen Orchideen und ihre Physiologie und Biologie. I. Teil. Cypripedium, Helleborine, Limodorum, Cephalanthera. Bot. Archiv 14:165-260
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Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
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Irmisch, T. 1854: Einige Beobachtungen an einheimischen Orchideen. Flora 37:513-524
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
8 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase) Phenological season: midsummer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Ziegenspeck, H. 1936: Orchidaceae. von Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Schröter, C., and Wangerin, W. (Hrsg.), Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas Vol. 1, 4. |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Proctor, M.C.F., Yeo, P., Lack, A. 1996: The natural history of pollination. HarperCollins Publishers, London |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AFXF (mixed mating) |
Reference |
Squirrell, J., Hollingsworth, P.M., Bateman, R.M., Dickson, J.H., Light, M.H.S., MacConaill, M., Tebbitt, M.C. 2001: Partitioning and diversity of nuclear and organelle markers in native and introduced populations of Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany 88:1409-1418 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Ziegenspeck, H. 1936: Orchidaceae. von Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Schröter, C., and Wangerin, W. (Hrsg.), Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas Vol. 1, 4. |
Amount of floral reward |
1 (none) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
greenish, pink purple and brown |
Basic flower colour |
gr (green) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
Hw (wasp flowers) Typical pollinators: wasps |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
5.4 (lip flowers, Orchis type) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
always [1] |
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
|
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
|
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
|
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
|
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
|
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.3 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
|
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
special references:
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
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Young, D.P. 1961: Studies in the British Epipactis. VII. Seed dimensions and root diameters. Watsonia 5:140-142 (Gattung)
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Ziegler, B. 1981: Mikromorphologie der Orchideen-Samen unter Berücksichtigung taxonomischer Aspekte. Universität Heidelberg (Gattung)
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Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
W (forest edges and related ecotones) |
Guild |
K (forb) |
Mowing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
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|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
H1.2.2.5 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
H1.2.2.6 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
H1.2.2.7 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
L5.2.3 (null) Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.1 (null) Alliance: Fagion sylvaticae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.2.3 (null) Alliance: Carpinion betuli
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.2.4.1 (null) Alliance: Quercion pubescentis
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.3 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
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Class » |
English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
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English circumscription |
10.4 (Thermophilous dry oak forests) Class: Quercetea pubescentis-petraeae
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