| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Empetrum nigrum L. s. str. |
Empetraceae » |
Schwarze Krähenbeere
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Empetrum nigrum L. |
accepted |
| Empetrum nigrum subsp. nigrum |
Synonym |
| <Empetrum nigrum agg. |
accepted |
| <Empetrum nigrum L., s. l. |
Synonym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
13 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
52 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
|
| Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
| Basic chromosome number |
13 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
26 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
| Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
S (Hemiphanerophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation » |
| Vegetative propagation |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Shoot metamorphoses » |
| Shoot metamorphoses |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Bell, J.N., Tallis, J.H. 1973: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Empetrum nigrum L.. Journal of Ecology 61:289-305
|
| Lidforss, B. 1907: Wintergrüne Flora. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F. , Afd. 2, Bd. 2, Nr. 13:1-76
|
| Söyrinki, N. 1939: Studien ber die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. Ann. Bot. Soc. "Vanamo" 14:1-404
|
| Gelting, P. 1934: Studies on the vascular plants of East Greenland between Franz Joseph Fjord and Dove Bay (Lat. 73o15'-76o20'N). Medd. om Groenl. 101:1-337
|
| Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
|
| Rauh, W. 1938: Über die Verzweigung ausläuferbildender Sträucher mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Beziehung zu den Stauden. Hercynia 1:187-231
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
4 |
| End of flowering (months) |
5 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
2 (Acer platanoides-Anemone nemorosa-Phase)
Phenological season: start of early spring |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed) |
| Reference |
Bell, J.N., Tallis, J.H. 1973: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Empetrum nigrum L.. Journal of Ecology 61:289-305 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Bell, J.N., Tallis, J.H. 1973: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Empetrum nigrum L.. Journal of Ecology 61:289-305 |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
do (dioecious) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Bell, J.N., Tallis, J.H. 1973: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Empetrum nigrum L.. Journal of Ecology 61:289-305 |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
wi (wind)
Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Bell, J.N., Tallis, J.H. 1973: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Empetrum nigrum L.. Journal of Ecology 61:289-305 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
rare [4] |
| Reference |
Daumann, E. 1972: Tier-, Wind- und Wasserblütigkeit in der tschechoslowakischen Flora. II. Dicotyledonen. Angiospermen zusammenfassend. Preslia (Praha) 44:28-36 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
| Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Bell, J.N., Tallis, J.H. 1973: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Empetrum nigrum L.. Journal of Ecology 61:289-305 |
| Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
pale red to purple |
| Basic flower colour |
r (red) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
Wb (wind flowers occassionally visited by insect)
Typical pollinators: Short tongued bees, syrphids, flies, beetles |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
StF (drupe) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
F (fruit) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
FT (part of fruit) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
6.0 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
8.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
4.0 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
5.6 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
8.0 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Height (mean) [mm] |
|
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FT (part of fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.7 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Bell, J.N., Tallis, J.H. 1973: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Empetrum nigrum L.. Journal of Ecology 61:289-305 (Gattung)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
| Guild |
H (woody plant) |
| Mowing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to mowing)) |
| Grazing tolerance |
8 (between 7 and 9 (well tolerant to very tolerant to grazing)) |
| Trampling tolerance |
7 (tolerant to trampling) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
S1.3 (null)
Alliance: Oxycocco-Sphagnetea
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T1.4.1.1 (null)
Alliance: Leucobryo-Pinetum
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T4.1 (null)
Alliance: Empetrion nigri
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
02.3 (Vaccinium Oxycoccus - Sphagnum mires)
Class: Oxycocco-Sphagnetea
|
| English circumscription |
08.4 (Heather and gorse heathlands)
Class: Calluno-Ulicetea
|
| English circumscription |
10.9 (Bog bilberry pine-forests)
Class: Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea
|
|
|
|
Display of complete information for the selected species. Only traits available for the selected species are displayed.
|
