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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Convallaria majalis L. Liliaceae » Gewöhnliches Maiglöckchen
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Convallaria majalis L. accepted
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 19
Chromosome number 2n 38
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 11
Chromosome number 2n 22
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 33.0
Chromosome number 38
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 False
Reference Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1997: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms - 583 new estimates. Annals of Botany 80:169-196
DNA content (pg/2C) 49.3
Chromosome number 38
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1976: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 274:227-274
DNA content (pg/2C) 30.1
Chromosome number 38
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 False
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBABBBBABAAAAAAAA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form G (Geophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes r (Erosulate plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Oinonen, E. 1971: The time table of vegetative spread in oak fern (Cryptogramma dryopteris (L.) Löve & Löve) and May lili (Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F. W. Schmidt) in southern Finland. Acta Forest. Fenn. 118:1-37
Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
Irmisch, T. 1856: Beiträge zur vergleichenden Morphologie der Pflanzen. VI. Ueber Smilacina bifolia Desf., Convallaria majalis L., C. Polygonatum L., C. verticillata L. und Paris quadrifolia. Abh. Naturforsch. Ges. Halle 3:107-144
Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
Irmisch, T. 1850: Zur Morphologie der monokotylischen Knollen- und Zwiebelgewächse. Berlin
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form norm (simple)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 5
End of flowering (months) 6
Duration of flowering (months) 2
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 5 (Sorbus aucuparia-Galium odoratum-Phase)
Phenological season: end of mid spring
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction sv (by seed and vegetatively)
Reference Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy g1 (slightly protogynous)
Reference Ascherson, P., Bernátsky, J., Bernner, W., Buxbaum, F., Graebner, P., Höck, F., Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Ludwig, F. 1934: Araceae, Lemnaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Iridaceae. von Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Schröter, C., and Wangerin, W. (Hrsg.), Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas Vol. 1, 3.
Dichogamy a1 (slightly protandrous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518
Systematic reference species [S]
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SI (self-incompatibel)
Reference Fryxell, P.M. 1957: Modes of reproduction of higher plants. The Botanical Review 23:135-233
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector wi (wind)
Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung)
Abundance possible [5]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance at failure of outcrossing [7]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Fryxell, P.M. 1957: Modes of reproduction of higher plants. The Botanical Review 23:135-233
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Ascherson, P., Bernátsky, J., Bernner, W., Buxbaum, F., Graebner, P., Höck, F., Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Ludwig, F. 1934: Araceae, Lemnaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Iridaceae. von Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Schröter, C., and Wangerin, W. (Hrsg.), Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas Vol. 1, 3.
Amount of floral reward 1 (none)
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Floral rewards 2 (pollen)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 4 (plenty)
Flower color »
Flower colour white
Basic flower colour w (white)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 2 (8-15 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 0 (unknown)
UV reflection pattern 2 (unknown)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER PoAB (transition type pollen flowers - flowers with partly hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: beetles, flies, syrphids, wasps, medium tounged bees
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 3.1 (bell shaped flowers with powdery pollen)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Be (berry)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type F (fruit)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type S (seed)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 307.3
Weight (mean) [mg] 510.1
Weight (maximum) [mg] 1103.2
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 15.1
Weight (mean) [mg] 15.4
Weight (maximum) [mg] 16.0
Sizes »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 8.0
Length (mean) [mm] 8.8
Length (maximum) [mm] 10.5
Width (minimum) [mm] 7.0
Width (mean) [mm] 8.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 9.5
Height (minimum) [mm] 8.0
Height (mean) [mm] 9.2
Height (maximum) [mm] 10.5
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 2.3
Length (mean) [mm] 3.0
Length (maximum) [mm] 4.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 2.3
Width (mean) [mm] 2.7
Width (maximum) [mm] 3.0
Height (minimum) [mm] 1.8
Height (mean) [mm] 2.2
Height (maximum) [mm] 2.5
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Eriksson, O. 1999: Seed size variation and its effect on germination and seedling performance in the clonal herb Convallaria majalis. Acta Oecologica - International Journal of Ecology 20:61-66 (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
Salisbury, E.J. 1974: Seed size and mass in relation to environment. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series B 186:83-88 (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type cs (competitors/stress-tolerators)
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 3
Oceanity »
Oceanity os (weak oceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region a (Asia)
Continent of floristic region: a (Asien)
Status natural range
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby o (oligohemerobic)
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 2
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat T1.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T1.1.1.4 (null)
Alliance: Cephalanthero-Fagenion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T1.1.2.3 (null)
Alliance: Carpinion betuli
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas)
Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
English circumscription 09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
English circumscription 10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
English circumscription 10.3 (Birch-oak forests)
Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
English circumscription 10.4 (Thermophilous dry oak forests)
Class: Quercetea pubescentis-petraeae
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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