species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Convallaria majalis L. |
Liliaceae » |
Gewöhnliches Maiglöckchen
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Convallaria majalis L. |
accepted |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
19 |
Chromosome number 2n |
38 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
11 |
Chromosome number 2n |
22 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
33.0 |
Chromosome number |
38 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1997: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms - 583 new estimates. Annals of Botany 80:169-196 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
49.3 |
Chromosome number |
38 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1976: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 274:227-274 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
30.1 |
Chromosome number |
38 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
G (Geophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
rh (Rhizome) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Oinonen, E. 1971: The time table of vegetative spread in oak fern (Cryptogramma dryopteris (L.) Löve & Löve) and May lili (Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F. W. Schmidt) in southern Finland. Acta Forest. Fenn. 118:1-37
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Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
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Irmisch, T. 1856: Beiträge zur vergleichenden Morphologie der Pflanzen. VI. Ueber Smilacina bifolia Desf., Convallaria majalis L., C. Polygonatum L., C. verticillata L. und Paris quadrifolia. Abh. Naturforsch. Ges. Halle 3:107-144
|
Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
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Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
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Irmisch, T. 1850: Zur Morphologie der monokotylischen Knollen- und Zwiebelgewächse. Berlin
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|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
6 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
5 (Sorbus aucuparia-Galium odoratum-Phase) Phenological season: end of mid spring |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g1 (slightly protogynous) |
Reference |
Ascherson, P., Bernátsky, J., Bernner, W., Buxbaum, F., Graebner, P., Höck, F., Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Ludwig, F. 1934: Araceae, Lemnaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Iridaceae. von Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Schröter, C., and Wangerin, W. (Hrsg.), Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas Vol. 1, 3. |
Dichogamy |
a1 (slightly protandrous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Fryxell, P.M. 1957: Modes of reproduction of higher plants. The Botanical Review 23:135-233 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
possible [5] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
at failure of outcrossing [7] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Fryxell, P.M. 1957: Modes of reproduction of higher plants. The Botanical Review 23:135-233 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Ascherson, P., Bernátsky, J., Bernner, W., Buxbaum, F., Graebner, P., Höck, F., Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Ludwig, F. 1934: Araceae, Lemnaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Iridaceae. von Kirchner, O., Loew, E., Schröter, C., and Wangerin, W. (Hrsg.), Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas Vol. 1, 3. |
Amount of floral reward |
1 (none) |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Floral rewards |
2 (pollen) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
4 (plenty) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
white |
Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
0 (unknown) |
UV reflection pattern |
2 (unknown) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
PoAB (transition type pollen flowers - flowers with partly hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: beetles, flies, syrphids, wasps, medium tounged bees |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
3.1 (bell shaped flowers with powdery pollen) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Be (berry) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
F (fruit) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
307.3 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
510.1 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1103.2 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
15.1 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
15.4 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
16.0 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
8.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
8.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
10.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
7.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
8.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
9.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
8.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
9.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
10.5 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.3 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
3.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
4.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.3 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.7 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
2.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Eriksson, O. 1999: Seed size variation and its effect on germination and seedling performance in the clonal herb Convallaria majalis. Acta Oecologica - International Journal of Ecology 20:61-66 (Gattung)
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Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
Salisbury, E.J. 1974: Seed size and mass in relation to environment. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series B 186:83-88 (Gattung)
|
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
T1.1 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.1.4 (null) Alliance: Cephalanthero-Fagenion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T1.1.2.3 (null) Alliance: Carpinion betuli
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas) Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
|
English circumscription |
10.3 (Birch-oak forests) Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
|
English circumscription |
10.4 (Thermophilous dry oak forests) Class: Quercetea pubescentis-petraeae
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