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trait details of "Flower class after MUELLER"

group of trait Floral and reproductive biology
description MÜLLER (1881) classified the insect pollinated flowers into 9 classes. The main aim was to achieve grouping of pollinators. The nectariferous flowers were grouped according to the depth of nectar display in those with open (A), partly hidden (AB) and hidden (B, B´) nectar. Only rough groups of pollinators can be assigned to these groups, which differ in length of proboscis. Furthermore flowers with smaller pollinator range are grouped into e.g., bee (Hb), bumble bee (Hh), fly (D) and moth (Fn) flowers. Apart from these also morphological types are distinguished.
trait attribute attribute type
Flower class after MUELLER range of values
  This overview displays all details for a trait including defined attributes (additional information concerning a trait) and possible states.
 
possible attribute values "Flower class after MUELLER"
label name description
A flowers with open nectar
Typical pollinators: beetles, flies, syrphids, wasps, medium tongued bees
 
AB flowers with partly hidden nectar
Typical pollinators: syrphids, bees
 
B flowers with totally hidden nectar
Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids
 
B` flower associations with totally hidden nectar
Typical pollinators: bees, bumble bees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids
 
H hymenoptere flowers
Typical pollinators: hymenopteres
 
Hb bee flowers
Typical pollinators: bees
 
Hh bumble bee flowers
Typical pollinators: bumble bees
 
Hw wasp flowers
Typical pollinators: wasps
 
Hi ichneumonide flowers
Typical pollinators: ichneumonidae
 
F butterfly flowers
Typical pollinators: butterflies, long tongued bees, syrphids
 
Ft butterfly flowers
Typical pollinators: butterflies
 
Fn moth flowers
Typical pollinators: moths
 
D fly flowers
Typical pollinators: flies
 
De nasty flowers
Typical pollinators: muscidae
 
Dke trap flowers
Typical pollinators: very small dipteres
 
Dkl clamp trap flowers
Typical pollinators: flies, bees
 
Dt deceptive flowers
Typical pollinators: flies
 
Ds syrphid flowers
Typical pollinators: syrphids
 
Kl small insect flowers
Typical pollinators: small ichneumonide, flies, beetles
 
Po pollen flowers
Typical pollinators: short tongued bees, syrphids, flies, beetles
 
W wind flowers
Typical pollinators: -
 
Wb wind flowers occassionally visited by insect
Typical pollinators: Short tongued bees, syrphids, flies, beetles
 
Hy water flowers: pollination on or under water
Typical pollinators: -
 
ABDe transition type flowers with partly hidden nectar - nasty flowers
Typical pollinators: flies, beetles
 
AD transition type flowers with open nectar - fly flowers
Typical pollinators: flies
 
ADe transition type flowers with open nectar - nasty flowers
Typical pollinators: flies, beetles
 
B`F transition type flower associations with totally hidden nectar - butterfly flowers
Typical pollinators: bumble bees, lepidoptera
 
BD transition type flowers with totally hidden nectar - fly flowers
Typical pollinators: flies
 
BF transition type flowers with totally hidden nectar - butterfly flowers
Typical pollinators: bees, flies
 
BH transition type flowers with totally hidden nectar - bee flowers
Typical pollinators: hymenopteres
 
BHb transition type flowers with totally hidden nectar - bee flowers in a narrow sense
Typical pollinators: bees, toung < 7 mm
 
BHh transition type flowers with totally hidden nectar - bumble bee flowers
Typical pollinators: bees, toung > 7 mm
 
BHw transition type flowers with totally hidden nectar - wasp flowers
Typical pollinators: wasps
 
DsB transition type syrphid flowers - flowers with totally hidden nectar
Typical pollinators: syrphids
 
FD transition type butterfly flowers - fly flowers
Typical pollinators: lepidoptera, flies
 
FHb transition type butterfly flowers - bee flowers in a narrow sense
Typical pollinators: lepidoptera, bees
 
FHh transition type butterfly flowers - bumble bee flowers
Typical pollinators: lepidoptera, bumble bees
 
FnH transition type moth flowers - bee flowers
Typical pollinators: moths, hymenoptera
 
HF transition type bee flowers - butterfly flowers
Typical pollinators: bees, lepidoptera
 
HFt transition type bee flowers - butterfly flowers
Typical pollinators: bees, butterflies
 
HhDs transition type bumble bee flowers - syrphid flowers
Typical pollinators: bumblebees, syrphids
 
HhF transition type bumble bee flowers - butterfly flowers
Typical pollinators: bumblebees, lepidoptera
 
HhFn transition type bumble bee flowers - moth flowers
Typical pollinators: bumblebees, moths
 
HhFt transition type bumble bee flowers - butterfly flowers
Typical pollinators: bumblebees, butterfflies
 
PoA transition type pollen flowers - flowers with open nectar
Typical pollinators: beetles, flies, syrphids, wasps, medium tounged bees
 
PoAB transition type pollen flowers - flowers with partly hidden nectar
Typical pollinators: beetles, flies, syrphids, wasps, medium tounged bees
 
PoDe transition type pollen flowers - nasty flowers
Typical pollinators: short tounged bees, syrphids, muscids, beetles
 
PoWb transition type pollen flowers - wind blossoms occassionally visited by insect
Typical pollinators: short tounged bees, syrphids, muscids, beetles